NEBOSH NGC1 'CHECK' (element 4) Flashcards
CHECK
ACTIVE - REACTIVE MONITORING
ACTIVE MONITORING
to ensure that HS standards are met and that the workplace is free from health risks before entering.
ACTIVE MONITORING METHODS TO ENSURE CONFORMANCE
. Safety inspections
. Sampling
. Surveys
. Tours
INSPECTION SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS
. Type of inspection . Frequency of inspection . Responsibilities for inspection . Competence of Inspector . Use of checklists . Action planning for problems found
FOR A WRITTEN INSPECTION REPORT TO BE EFFECTIVE, IT MUST :-
. utilise an appropriate writing style
. have structure
. have appropriate content
. use persuasive argument to justify recommendations
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS - HOW TO MEASURE
Activities to monitor to give a measure of performance
. number and quality of RA’s covering work activities
. provision of HS training to schedule
. completion of to consultative committee meetings to
schedule
. completion of workplace inspections to schedule
. completion of safety review meetings to schedule
TYPES OF INSPECTIONS
SYSTEMATIC INSPECTIONS SAFETY INSPECTIONS SAFETY SAMPLING SAFETY SURVEYS SAFETY TOURS
SYSTEMATIC INSPECTIONS
Systematic Inspections focus on the 4 ‘P’s
. Plant
. Premises
. People
. Procedures
SAFETY INSPECTIONS - can be…
. routine workplace inspections
. statutory inspection of an item/plant etc
. periodic inspection of plant/machinery as part of a
maintenance programme
. worker’s pre-use plant/machinery checks
SAFETY SAMPLING
checking a representative sample - i.e. randomly checking 50 fire extinguishers from a total of 1200 as evidence of compliance
SAFETY SURVEYS
A detailed examination of one particular issue or topic i.e. Noise Assessment, HAV’s, Structural,Staff opinions etc.
SAFETY TOURS
A High-Profile of a workplace carried out by a group, including managers. It can be both formal or informal. The group should/can include :- . managers from works area . worker reps . safety specialists . senior managers . occupational health specialists . engineers . workers from the area
ARRANGEMENTS FOR WORKPLACE INSPECTIONS
. allow management to resolve problems before those problems become critical
. also allow workers to see checks are being carried out and maybe become
involved in the inspection process themselves
. helps to reinforce a positive HS culture
FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE THE INTRODUCTION OF A WORKPLACE INSPECTION SYSTEM
Type of inspection
. Statutory inspection to ensure legal compliance ?
. General workplace inspection - plant/premises
. Pre-start inspection - for machinery etc.
Frequency of inspection
. determined by both type of inspection and level of risk
Allocation of responsibilities
. those responsible fore ensuring inspections take
place, and the inspectors should be identified
Competence and Objectivity of the inspector
. inspector should have the necessary training,
knowledge and experience.
. inspectors should be factual - not make personal
interpretation
Use of checklists
. all points are covered by the inspector
. consistency of approach to the process
. inspection and findings are recorded (written)
Action planning for problems found - the clear identification of:
. corrective action required
. persons responsible for taking that action
. priorities/timescales
GENERAL INSPECTION CHECKLIST - TYPICAL HEADINGS
. Fire Safety - escape routes/signs/extinguishers
. Housekeeping - tidiness/cleanliness
. Environment issues - lighting/temp/noise/ventilation
. Traffic Routes - vehicle/pedestrian safety
. Chemical safety - storage/hazardous substances
. Machinery safety - machine guards/interlocks/safe use
. Electrical safety - portable appliance safety
. Welfare facilities - suitability/condition
INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE
Executive summary - concise overview of findings
Introduction - where/when/who/why
Main findings - factual description/legal standard
identified
Recommendations - immediate/medium-long term
actions to remedy. Prioritised on basis of risk
Conclusions - section to end report
INSPECTION REPORT CONTENT
Trivia to be omitted
Factual and Concise
Evidence Presentation of Observations
REACTIVE MONITORING
Uses accidents/incidents/ill health and other unwanted events/situations of HS Performance to highlight areas of concern
REACTIVE MONITORING WEAKNESSES
the horse has already bolted
it measures failure
STATISTICS THAT CAN BE USED
. Accidents . Dangerous occurrences . Near Misses . Cases of Ill Health . Workforce Complaints . Any Enforcement Actions
This data can be used to identify Trends or Patterns
ACCIDENT INCIDENT RATE (AIR) CALCULATION
AIR =
number of accidents during set period
------------------------------------------------------- x 1000
average no. of workers during same period
(answer in units of accidents per 1000 workers)
INVESTIGATING INCIDENTS
Ill Health
Accidents - (injury and/or damage)
Dangerous Occurrences
Near Misses
BASIC INCIDENT PROCEDURE
. Gather factual information
. Analyse information to draw root cause conclusions
. Identify suitable control measures
. Plan remedial action
FUNCTION OF INVESTIGATIONS
to understand exactly why the accident occurred so that corrective action can be taken to prevent a recurrence
REASONS FOR CARRYING OUT AN INCIDENT INVESTIGATION
. identify immediate and root causes . identify corrective action to prevent recurrence . record the facts of the incident . legal reasons . for claim management . staff morale . disciplinary purposes . data gathering purposes
TYPES OF INCIDENT
Accident
Near miss
Dangerous occurrence
Work related ill-health, e.g.:-
. toxic substances - lead poisoning etc
. Harmful Biological agents - Legionnaires disease
. Physical/Ergonomic hazards - noise-induced hearing
loss
. psychological - clinical depression/stress
ACCIDENT RATIOS
1 SERIOUS INJURY
10 MAJOR INJURIES
30 DAMAGE ONLY
600 INCIDENTS
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION STEP 1:
GATHERING INFORMATION
. secure scene asap to prevent it being altered
. collect witness details quickly before they leave
. collect factual information i.e.
. photographs
. sketches
. measurements
. videos
. written descriptions of factors (wind speed/temp)
. taking physical evidence
INSPECTOR TO COME PREPARED WITH APPROPRIATE EQUIPMENT TO RECORD THE INFORMATION
. once the scene has been thoroughly examined, move
on to the witnesses
. once witnesses have been interviewed, move on to
documentation, such as:
. company policy
. risk assessments
. training records
. SSW’s
. permits to work
. maintenance records
3 SOURCES OF INFORMATION
The Scene
Witnesses
Documentation
GOOD INTERVIEW TECHNIQUE
Hold interview in a quiet room/area free from distraction/interruption Introduce themselves - establish rapport Explain the purpose of the interview Use open questions (who/where/when/why) Don't allow "yes/no" answers Keep an open mind Take detailed notes Ask witness to sign and date the statement Thank witness for their help
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION STEP 2:
ANALYSING INFORMATION
Root Causes might include:- . Inadequate worker supervision . Inappropriate PPE provision . Inadequate training provision . Lack of maintenance . Inadequate checking/inspections . Failure to carry out proper RA's
Immediate Causes might be:- .Loads not secure (pallet etc.) .Poor road positioning of truck close to egress point . Aggressive breaking . Inattentive general public
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION STEP 3:
IDENTIFY SUITABLE CONTROL MEASURES
IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT THE CORRECT CONTROL MEASURES TO REMEDY ANY FAILURE OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ARE IDENTIFIED BECAUSE THIS WILL HELP PREVENT SIMILAR ACCIDENTS OCCURRING IN SIMILAR CIRCUMSTANCES.
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION STEP 4:
PLAN THE REMEDIAL ACTIONS
An accident investigation should lead to corrective action being taken. Remedial action can be presented in an Action Plan:
. Recommended Action
. The Priority (low/medium/high)
. Time Scale (1 day/week/month etc.)
. Responsible Person
RECORDING AND REPORTING INCIDENTS
Arrangements should be made for internal reporting of all work related incidents
Records of work related injuries must be kept
Certain types of incident have to be reported to the enforcing authorities within a time frame i.e. RIDDOR 2013
REPORTING OF INJURIES, DISEASES AND DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES 2013 (RIDDOR)
Provision for reporting should be within the ARRANGEMENTS section of the organisation’s Safety Policy
Workers should be encouraged to report
. Fatalities . Specific Injuries . Dangerous Occurrences . Occupational Diseases . Over 7 day Injuries . Flammable Gas Incidents . Dangerous Gas Fittings
REASONS WHY WORKERS MIGHT NOT REPORT ACCIDENTS:
. Unclear Policy . No reporting system in place . Procedure overly-complicated . Excessive paperwork . Too much time . Blame Culture . Apathy . Lack of training on policy/procedures
ACCIDENT REPORTS:
Under the DATA PROTECTION ACT 1998, all reports to be kept for min 3 years under lock and key.
ACCIDENT REPORT TYPICAL CONTENTS
. Casualty name/address . Date/Time of accident . Location of accident . Details of injury . Details of treatment given . Description of event causing injury . Details of equipment/substances involved . Witnesses' names /contact details . Signatures
NEAR-MISS REPORT TYPICAL CONTENTS
. Name of person making the report . Date/Time/Location of near-miss . Details of near-miss . Description of event(s) causing near-miss . Details of any Loss/Damage caused . Immediate causes . Root causes . Actions to prevent recurrence
THE REPORTING OF INJURIES, DISEASES AND DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES 2013
R . I . D . D . O . R .
Requires the reporting of certain types of event (reportable events) to the relevant enforcing authorities.
A nominated person is required by employer for RIDDOR reporting requirements
5 MAIN TYPES OF REPORTABLE EVENT:
. FATALITY . SPECIFIED INJURIES . DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES . WORK RELATED ILLNESS . OVER-7-DAY INJURIES
SPECIFIED INJURIES
. Fracture (excluding digits)
. Amputation (including digits)
. Sight (permanent loss/reduction)
. Crush injury > internal organ damage
. Scalpings > hospital treatment
. Unconsciousness (head injury/asphyxia)
. Enclosed space injury > resuscitation/24 hr hospital
OVER-7-DAY INJURIES
Unable to perform work duties for more than 7 consecutive days (day of accident not counted)
INJURIES TO NON-WORKERS
Only reportable when injured person taken from scene of accident to hospital for treatment.
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
. Carpal tunnel syndrome . Severe hand/forearm cramp . Occupational Dermatitis . HAV syndrome . Occupational Asthma . Tendonitis/Tenosynovitis (hand/forearm) . Occupational Cancer . Biological agent exposure disease
DANGEROUS OCCURRENCE
Reportable - does not have to have caused a reportable
injury.
. Explosions/Fires > 24 hr work stop.
. Contact overhead power lines (plant etc.)
. Collapse/Failure of load bearing components of
lift/lifting equipment
REPORTABLE GAS INCIDENTS
concern distributors, suppliers etc.
REPORTING:
Quickest possible means without delay.
Fatalities > via phone to HSE incident contact centre
Online report submitted within 10 days of incident
Diseases > upon written medical practitioner diagnosis
7-day-injury - online report form within 15 days if injury
ONLINE FORM - F 2508
RECORD KEEPING - how long for
Responsible person for min 3 years
