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Lifespan II > NDT > Flashcards

NDT Flashcards

1
Q

Goal of NDT is to work on _ _ and _.

A

Improving function and participation

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2
Q

NDT is informed by _ and_ _ that emphasizes _ _ based on _ analysis for _ and _ of individuals with neurological pathophysiology

A

Informed by current and evolving research that emphasizes individualized therapeutic handling based on movement analysis for habilitation and rehabilitation of individuals with neurological pathophysiology

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3
Q

NDT uses the _ _, the therapist applies a - approach to assess activity and participation

A

Uses ICF model

Therapist applies a problem-solving approach to assess activity and participation

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4
Q

NDT involves an in-depth understanding of _ and _ _, and expertise in analysis of _ control, _, _, and _ throughout the lifespan

A

Understanding of typical and atypical development

Expertise in analysis of postural control, movement, activity and participation throughout the lifespan

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5
Q

NDT is also known as the _ _. Developed by? _ was emphasized in the 1980’s

A

Aka: Bobath approach

Developed by Berta and Karl Bobath in the 1940’s

Function was emphasized in the 1980’s

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6
Q

The contemporary NDT approach continues to _ with the emergence of new _, _, _ and information in the _ _.

A

Continues to evolve with the emergence of new theories, models, research and information in the movement sciences

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7
Q

NDT: Promote efficient and effective _ and _, in order to minimize _ _ _ related to _ solutions.

A

Promote efficient and effective posture and movement

In order to minimize long term problems related to movement solutions

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8
Q

NDT: uses _ _ of _ or _ (by manual contact) to guide and influence posture and movement to _ _ _.

A

Uses “key points of control” or “handling” to guid and influence posture and movement to enhance functional outcomes

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9
Q

With a higher level of disability, use _ key points. With a lower level of disability, use _ key points. The _ you wish to _ also affects key points of control.

A

Higher level use= proximal key points
Lower level use= distal key points

The movements you wish to facilitate also affect key points of control that you use

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10
Q

NDT handling: establish _ _ relative to task, apply principles of _ _ within task performance.

A

Establish biomechanical alignments relative to task

Apply principles of therapeutic exercise within task performance

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11
Q

NDT handling: _ and _ _ to provide appropriate challenges, _ is on-going, and handling is _.

A

Grade and fade handling to provide appropriate challenges

Assessment is ongoing, and handling is modificied

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12
Q

What are the 3 contemporary theories that influence NDT? _ oriented, with emphasis now on appreciating _ in _.

A

3 contemporary theories:

  • Cognitive approach (Piaget)
  • Information Processing
  • Ecological approaches (environment)

Process oriented, with emphasis now on appreciating variability in development

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13
Q

What 2 principles remain constant in NDT?

A

Movement observation and analysis are heavily relied upon to guide intervention

Handling is a critical tool used to positively influence posture and movement

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14
Q

ABC’s of observation and analysis

A

Alignment of segments, Activation of muscles

Base of Support

Center of Mass, Center of Pressure

Direction of weight shift

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15
Q

Task and context parameters: _ and - elements. Example: improving sitting posture

A

Essential and Non-essential elements

EX: improving sitting posture

  • essential: pelvic adjustment
  • non-essential: hand adjustment
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16
Q

The body is _ system, look for relationships between? (2)

A

Body is a linked system

Look for relationship between:

  • Limbs (UE/ LE, Left/ Right)
  • Limbs and Trunk
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17
Q

_ and _ must be in balance with _ and _

A

Stability and organization must be in balance with mobility and flexibility

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18
Q

_ is part of normal development and postural control, and is essential for functional skill acquisition

A

Variability

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19
Q

Variable and adaptable postural control facilitates _ through _, _ and _.

A

Facilitates exploration through movement, perception and action

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20
Q

_ is the hallmark of normal development

A

Variability

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21
Q

Efficient motor organization minimizes _ _

A

Energy expenditure

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22
Q

Alignment dictates _ _

A

Synergistic activation

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23
Q

3 Stages of skill acquisition in regards to degrees of freedom. Which stage is most important?

A

1degree: Freeze the degrees of freedoms (strategy used in order to compensate for lack of motor control)
2degree: Free the degrees of Freedom
3degree: Exploit passive forces to make muscular efforts more economical *most important stage

24
Q

CP is extremely variable and _.

A

Heterogenous

25
Q

_ _ are defined as the presence of behaviors that are not normally present. _ _ is the loss of normal abilities.

A

Positive symptoms- behavior that are NOT normally present

Negative Symptoms- loss of normal abilities

26
Q

_ _ are the most amenable to therapy.

A

Negative symptoms

27
Q

What are the key primary impairments in cerebral palsy? (2)

A

Motor impairments

Impaired postural control

28
Q

Comorbidities such as _ deficits, _ impairments and _ vary patient to patient and can influence _ function.

A

Such as sensory defecits, cognitive impairments and epilepsy vary patient to patient and can influence future function

29
Q

A _ _ is considered present at the onset of a condition. A _ _ emerges over time as a result of a _ _.

A

Primary impairment- present at the onset of a condition

Secondary impairment- emerges over time as a result of primary impairment

30
Q

It is often difficult to differentiate _ and _ _ due to the complex nature of CP and _ _.

A

Difficult to differentiate primary and secondary impairments

Complex nature of CP and early development

31
Q

Secondary impairments include: impaired _ and _ mobility, deformation of _, and decreased _ _ _, _ capacity, and - reserve.

A

Impaired ROM and joint mobility
Deformation of Bone
Decreased bone mineral density, respiratory capacity and cardio-vascular reserve

32
Q

Atypical motor development: original problem- _ - _ patterns - _ and finally _. As much as possible what does PT try to prevent through interventions/ treatments?

A 
Original problem -
Compensations-
Habit patterns -
Deformities -
Surgeries

We try to prevent surgeries as much as possible

33
Q

According to the systems theory motor behavior emerges dynamically due interaction between the _, the _ and the _.

A

Interaction between:

The task, the individual and the environment

34
Q

_ _ interact in order to produce _ . Each system _ and at different points of time.

A

Multiple systems interact in order to produce motor behavior

Each system develops and strengthens at different points of time

35
Q

Normally developing children take _ _ _, in order to _ _. Need to have an environment that _ _ and _ _

A

Normally develop children take lots of risks, in order to test limits.

Need to have an environment that promotes exploration and risk taking

36
Q

3 tenets of neuronal group selection: _ development, _ and _ circuitry provides primary repertoire of _; _ and _ creates secondary repertoire of functional circuits selected and strengthened through _; _ and _ of multiple systems for movement determined by _ demands.

A

Brain development, genetics and neuronal circuitry provides primary repertoire of behaviors

Experience and use create secondary repertoire of functional circuits selected and strengthened through use

Interconnection and integration of multiple systems for movement determined by environmental demands

37
Q

_ _ _ is mandated for children ages 0-3 by the federal government.

A

Family focused care

38
Q

Intervention aims at improving _ _ to enhance _, capitalizes on _ and _, uses the - model framework.

A

Improving functional skills to enhance participation, capitalizes on strengths and resources, uses WHO-ICF model framework

39
Q

Critical lifespan competencies accomplished during the first year of life: _ , _ posture, _, _ interaction and _ _ function, and _ care. Competency in these domains leads to?

A

Communication, upright posture, mobility, environmental interaction and upper extremity function, and self care

Competency leads to greater real life function

40
Q

Intervention should focus on _ _ management.

A

Life time management

41
Q

_, _, and _ of intervention in the growing child depends on developmental _, changing life roles with _ and _. Should explain?

A

Timing, Frequency and duration of intervention in the growing child depends on:
Developmental biomechanic,s, changing life roles with age and transitions.

Should explain to family/ patient why treatment should end, but that they will be able to return during transitional years/ growth spurts.

42
Q

Intervention should support _ _ as early as possible, and promote _ activities with _ benefits. Examples? (2)

A

Should support inclusive opportunities as early as possible and promote leisure activities with therapeutic benefits

Hippo therapy (horse therapy)
Aqua therapy
43
Q

Does every child need to crawl before they walk? Why?

A

No, walking and standing is more functional than crawling

44
Q

Dispelling myths- development doesn’t always proceed: _ to _, _ to _, _ before _, and _ to _

A

Cephalo to caudal
Proximal to distal
Stability before mobility
Gross to fine

45
Q

NDT focus on the _ and _ of participation, activation, and body function and structures.

A

Focuses on the What and How

46
Q

Developmental milestone attainment is not a _ _/ _

A

Not a functional test/ scale

47
Q

Functional goals are determined by the _ and _ _, are directed toward improving _ and reducing _ _, are _ appropriate, _ and _, are also informed by _ _ and the _.

A

Determined by client and their family

Directed toward improving participation and reducing participation restrictions

Are age appropriate, realistic and functional

Are also informed by professional expertise and the literature

48
Q

3 parts of treatment that you can manipulate in order to meet functional goals

A

Key points of control used for handling

Environmental set up

Task and activity selection

. . . Individual, task, and environment

49
Q

3 goals of posture and movement observation?

A

Observe and describe motor dsyfunction

Identify consistencies in posture and movement

Prioritize consistencies relative to functional goals/ identify those that significantly interfere with overall function/ goal attainment

50
Q

Should always establish a - for each session. Includes establishing a _, assessing treatment _, assessment of _ _, measure of _ _ which influence task performance, test _ about the impairments that contribute to _ _.

A

Establish test-retest task/ measure for each session

Includes: establishing a baseline, assessing treatment efficiency, assessment of motor learning, measure of qualitative changes which influence task performance, test hypothesis about the impairments that contribute to movement solutions

51
Q

Though _ is always used and is considered the gold standard it only looks at _ _ _ and has a _ _. _ is often better to assess patient.

A

GMFCS . . . Only looks at gross motor function and has a low ceiling

PEDI (pediatric evaluation disability inventory) is often better to assess patient.

52
Q

Functional classification systems used for children with CP? (5) All are scaled?

A

MEG from BC

  • Manual ability classification system (MACS)
  • eating and drinking classification system (EADCS)
  • Gross motor function classification system (GMFCS)
  • bi-manual fine motor function (BMFM)
  • Communication function classification system (CFCS)

All are scaled 1-5, most independent to least independent

53
Q

What are the 5 steps in the evidence based practice process?

A 
Assess the patient
Ask the question (PICO)
Acquire the evidence
Appraise the evidence (validity) and applicability (clinical usefulness)
Apply to patient
54
Q

What does PICO stand for?

A

Patient
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

55
Q

What is the only functional classification system that uses a 1-6 level scale that begins with the most independent to least independent

A

Functional mobility scale

Lifespan II (9 decks)

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