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Lifespan II > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

GMFCS has two different descriptor scales for which age groups?

A

Children b/w their 6th and 12th birthdays

Children b/w their 12th and 18th birthdays

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2
Q

GMFCS Level I (6-12): Children can _ at home, school, outdoors and in the community. They can _ _ without the use of a _. Children perform _ _ _ such as running and jumping, but _, _ and _ are limited.

A

Children can walk at home, school, etc

They can climb stairs without the use of a railing

Children perform gross motor skills such as running and jumping, but speed, balance, and coordination are limited

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3
Q

GMFCS Level II (6-12): Children _ in most settings and _ _ _ onto a _. They may experience difficulty _ _ _, and _ on _ _, _, in _ areas or _ spaces. Children may walk with _ _, and - _ _ or use _ _ over long distances. Children have _ _ _ to perform gross motor skills like running and jumping.

A

Children walk in most settings and climb stairs holding onto a railing.

They may experience difficulty walking long distances and balancing on uneven terrain, inclines, in crowded areas or in confined spaces.

Children may walk with physical assistance, and hand-held mobility device or use wheeled mobility over long distances

Children have only minimal ability to perform gross motor skills . . .

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4
Q

GMFCS Level III (6-12): Children walk using a - _ _ in most _ _. They may climb stairs holding onto a railing with _ or _. Children use _ _ when _ _ distances and may - for _ distances.

A

Children walk using a hand-held mobility device is most indoor settings.

They may climb stairs holding onto a railing with supervision or assistance.

Children use wheeled mobility when traveling long distances and may self-propel for shorter distances

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5
Q

GMFCS Level IV (6-12): Children use methods of mobility that require _ or _ _ in most _. They may _ for short distances at home with _ _ or use _ _ or a _ _ _ when positioned. At school, outdoors and in the community children are _ in a _ _ or use _ _.

A

Children use methods of mobility that require physical assistance or powered mobility in most settings.

They may walk for short distances at home with physical assistance or use powered mobility or a body support walker when positioned.

At school, outdoors, and in the community children are transported in a manual wheelchair or use powered mobility.

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6
Q

GMFCS Level V (6-12): Children are transported in a _ _ in _ settings. Children are limited in their ability to _ _ _ and _ _ and control _ and _ movements.

A

Children are transported in a manual wheelchair in all settings

Children are limited in their ability to maintain antigravity head and trunk postures and to control leg and arm movements

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7
Q

Which two levels of GMFCS do we see most often in physical therapy?

A

Levels III and IV

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8
Q

GMFCS I (12-18): youth walk at _, _, _ and in the _. Youth are LE to _ _ and _ without _ _ or a _. They performed gross motor skills such as running and jumping but _, _ and _ are _.

A

Youth walk at home, school, outdoors and in the community

Youth are able to climb curbs and stairs without physical assistance or a railing

They perform gross motor skills such as running and jumping but speed, balance, and coordination are limited

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9
Q

GMFCS Level II (12-18): youth walk in most _ but _ _ and _ _ influence _ _. At school or work they may require a hand-held mobility device for _ and _ _ holding onto a _. Outdoors and in the community youth may use _ _ when traveling _ distances.

A

Youth walk in most settings but environmental factors and personal choice influence mobility choices.

At school or work they may require a hand-held mobility device for safety and climb stairs holding onto a railing.

Outdoors and in the community youth may use wheeled mobility when traveling long distances.

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10
Q

GMFCS Level III (6-12): Youth are capable of _ using a - _. Youth may climb stairs holding onto a railing with _ or _. At school they may - a _ _ or use _ _. Outdoors and in the community youth are _ in a _ or use _ _.

A

Youth are capable of walking using a hand-held mobility device.

Youth may climb stairs holding onto a railing or with supervision or assistance

At school they may use a self-propel a manual wheelchair or use powered mobility

Outdoors and in the community youth are transported in a wheelchair or use powered mobility

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11
Q

GMFCS Level IV (12-18): Youth use _ _ in most settings. _ _ of - _ is required for transfers. Indoors, youth may _ _ distances with _ _, use _ _, or a _ _ _ when positioned. They may operate a _ _, otherwise they are _ in _ _.

A

Youth use wheeled mobility in most settings

Physical assistance of 1-2 people is required for transfers.

Indoors youth may walk short distances with physical assistance, use wheeled mobility or a body support walker when positioned.

They may operate a powered chair, otherwise they are transported in a manual wheelchair

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12
Q

GMFCS Level V (12-18): Youth are transported in a _ _ in all _. Youth are limited in their ability to maintain _ _ and _ _ and control of _ and _ _. - is severely limited, even with the use of _ _.

A

Youth are transported in a manual wheelchair in all settings

Youth are limited in their ability to maintain antigravity head and trunk postures and control of leg and arm movements.

Self-mobility is severely limited, even with the use of assistive technology.

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13
Q

_ _ is defined as a permanent but not unchanging neurologically based motor impairment caused by a non-progressive defect or lesion in a single or multiple locations in the immature brain.

A

Cerebral palsy

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14
Q

2 main ways of acquiring CP and associated definitions. American Academy of CP definition (age range)?

A

Congenital CP
- damage occurred before at the time of birth

Acquired CP
- damage occurring after birth

American Academy of CP: defines damage as occurring at 5 years old or younger in order to qualify as CP

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15
Q

With acquired CP damage is most commonly caused by _ _, _ and _ _.

A

Infectious meningitis, trauma, and near drowning

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16
Q

Hemorrhage below the lining of the ventricles, anoxia or hypoxia, and malformations of the CNS are the?

A

3 main types of neurological lesions seen in CP

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17
Q

In studies looking to relate cerebral lesions to the extent of the disability only the amount of _ _ (not _ _) correlated with severity of disability

A

Only the amount of white matter, not grey matter correlated with the severity of disability

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18
Q

What are the 6 types of CP?

A

MS. HARD

Mixed, spastic, hypotonic, ataxic, rigidity, and dystonic

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19
Q

Which type of CP: site of lesion is the motor portion of the cerebral cortex and axons?

A

Spastic CP

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20
Q

Which type of CP: site of lesion is in the basal ganglia? AKA?

A

Dystonic, or athetoid

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21
Q

Which type of CP: site of lesion is in the cerebellum

A

Ataxic

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22
Q

Which type of CP: has no specifically identified site of lesion?

A

Hypotonic

23
Q

Which type of CP: is associated with a severe decerebrate lesion?

A

Rigidity

24
Q

Which type of cp is described: Signs include severe spasticity in agonist and antagonist muscles. Have little?

A

Rigidity CP

Have little voluntary movement

25
Q

Which type of CP is described: Signs include increased muscle tone and DTR’s, clonus and babinski sign. Movement is described as being limited in the -, characterized by _ of muscles, with _, _ movements

A

Spastic CP

Movement is limited in the mid-range, characterized by coactivation of muscles, with patterned and synergistic movements (all flexion, all extension)

26
Q

Which type of CP is being described: Signs include fluctuating muscle tone from hyper to hypotonic. Exhibits excessive _ _, without _ _. Movements are _ and _.

A

Dystonic (athetoid)

Exhibits excessive peripheral movements without central stability

Movements are patterned and synergistic

27
Q

What type of CP is described: signs include diminished resting muscle tone and hypermobile joints. Movement appears _ “_ _” like, with _ movment.

A

Hypotonic

Movement appears floppy “rag doll” like, with little movment

28
Q

What type of CP is described: signs include dysmetria. Characterized by _, _ movements. Is?

A

Ataxic

Uncoordinated volition all movements

Is Rarer

29
Q

With mixed CP what two types are involved?

A

Spastic and dystonic

30
Q

Problems commonly associated with CP (non-orthopedic): _ disability, _ and _ disorders, _ problems, growth _, and _ problems.

A 
Intellectual disability
Seizure and communication disorders
Feeding problems
Growth retardation
Visual problems
31
Q

What are the 4 categories of intellectual disability?

A

Min, Mod, Severe, Profound

32
Q

Strabismus, esotropia more than exotropia, homonymous hemianopsia, nystagmus (ataxic CP) are examples of?

A

Visual problems associated with CP

33
Q

Growth retardation seen in CP: Decreased body size can be both _ and -. Severe spasticity/ tone can cause _ _ of muscles. Decreased _ _.

A

Decreased body size can be both longitudinal and cross-sectional

Severe spasticity/ tone can cause high definition of muscles

Decreased bone density

34
Q

Commonly seen ROM limitations and Orthopedic concerns: shoulder _ and _ in order to stabilize a _ _. Elbow _ and _. Shortening of the _ _ _.

A

Shoulder protraction and elevation in order to stabilize a weak head

Elbow pronation and flexion

Shortening of the long finger flexors

35
Q

Commonly seen impairment of the spine that can develop with CP? What medical treatment may be necessary? Why?

A

Scoliosis

Spinal fusion may be necessary in order to maintain the ability to sit upright

36
Q

What are 3 common impairments seen at the hip associated with CP

A

Dislocated or subluxed hips

Hip flexion contractures

37
Q

A tight _ can cause an exaggerated _ _ when the CP patient attempts to stand

A

Tight Iliopsoas can cause exaggerated lumbar lordosis

38
Q

_ _ in CP patients can cause and increased _ _ range of the hip with a decreased?

A

Femoral anteversion

- increased internal rotation range at the hip with decreased external rotation

39
Q

3 common impairment associated with CP that are seen in the knee and ankle. Associated cause?

A

Knee flexion contracture: tight hamstrings

Knee extension contracture: short quads

Plantar flexion contracture

40
Q

Sitting with hip extended, flexed knee gait, psuedo-equinus of the ankle and patella Alta are all impairments that can develop from?

A

Chronically tight hamstrings

41
Q

Stiff legged gait, inability to flex the knee while the hip is extended, difficulty getting feet under the hips for transfers, and patella alta are all features of?

A

Shortness in one of the heads of the quads

42
Q

Plantar flexor contractures can cause a CP patient to walk/ stand _ _ _ _, or cause them to develop _ _ or _ _.

A

CP patient to walk to stand up on their toes

Cause them to develop genu recurvatum or mid foot collapse

43
Q

Will my child be able to walk: spastic hemiplegic? Spastic diplegic?

A

Hemiplegic: usually learn to walk for mobility

Diplegic: ability to walk will vary depending on severity and effort required.

44
Q

Most spasticity management techniques were developed for?

A

Spastic diplegic

45
Q

Will my child be able to walk: quadriplegic with persistent tonic neck reflexes?

A

Usually do not walk functionally

46
Q

Will my child be able to walk: if the can sit independently by age _ _, then they usually learn to walk by age _.

A

If they can sit independently by 24 months, usually learn to walk by age 8

47
Q

Will my child be able to walk: If they are not walking by _ _, not likely to become a _ ambulators.

A

Not walking by age 9, not likely to become a functional ambulators

48
Q

4 “geographical” terms associated with CP?

A

monoplegia, diplegic, hemiplegia, quadriplegia

49
Q

Definition of monoplegia? Is?

A

One extremity involved, Is rare

50
Q

Definition of hemiplegia? Usually? (2)

A

On side is involved

Usually:

  • spastic
  • walk by 2-4 years of age
51
Q

Definition of diplegic? Always _ type, often seen in _ with an _ event that resulted in _ _. Most therapies are aimed at improving _ in this group, most _ by age _, with diminished ability after _ because?

A

1st degree involvement is legs and trunk

Always spastic type

Often seen in premise with an anoxic event that resulted in periventricular hemorrhage.

Most therapies are aimed at improving walking in this group, most walk by the age of 7, with diminished ability after puberty because spastic muscle strength cannot keep up with the patients increased length and weight.

52
Q

Definition of Quadriplegia? Caused by? _ influences give great risk of _.

A

Whole body is affected with one side having less involvement than the other

Caused by global CNS damage

Asymmetrical influences give a great risk of deformity

53
Q

What are 3 important issues to assess for when ordering a wheel chair?

A
  • obtaining optimal head and trunk alignment
  • repositioning for pressure relief
  • home and community access

Lifespan II (9 decks)

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