NDM etc Flashcards
Recite the caution
You do not have to say anything but it may harm your defence if you do not mention when questioned something which you later rely on in court. Anything you do say may be given in evidence. Do you understand?
NDM?
National decision model - CIA POAR
1.code of ethics,
2. information and intelligence,
3. assessment (THRIVE+, VAF) and develop a working strategy
4. Powers and policies
5. Options and contingencies
6. Action
7. Review
Code of ethics?
9 policing principles (HIL AS ROOF) + 10 standards of professional behaviour (hungry elephants)
9 policing principles?
HIL AS ROOF
Honesty
Integrity
Leadership
Accountability
Selflessness
Respect
Openness
Objectivity
Fairness
10 standards of professional behaviour acronym?
Hungry elephants feel confused and distraught, only real food cures
10 standards of professional behaviour?
- Honesty and integrity
- Equality and diversity
- Fitness for work
- Conduct
- Authority, respect and courtesy
- Duties and responsibilities
- Orders and instructions
- Reporting and challenging inappropriate behaviour
- Use of force
- Confidentiality
What is risk?
Risk = severity of harm x likelihood of happening (ie meteor hit severity of harm is high but likelihood is low)
What type of risk assessment would you do in a spontaneous situation?
Dynamic risk assessment
What are some examples of how we calculate risk?
Information from previous encounters
From PNC
From witnesses
Visual cues (behaviour, what they are saying, how they are acting)
Location
Time of day
Recent events
What are some examples of how we can control / mitigate risk?
Know your location
Check for obstacles (scanning)
Assess people / object / place
Wear / use authorised equipment and kit (first aid etc)
Use right method (talking etc)
Do you need backup
Use specialist units
How can you gather information and intelligence?
Radio (PNC), CCTV and other passive data generators, 5 W H questions of witness(es) / victim(s) / suspect(s), forensic and digital evidence, senses (sight, sound, smell etc)
What acronym helps guide the type of policing response required?
THRIVE+ (threat, harm, risk, investigation, vulnerability, engagement, prevention)
What is THRIVE+?
Threat, Harm, Risk, Investigation, Vulnerability, Engagement, Prevention
What questions should be guiding you when gathering information and intelligence?
What do I know? What do I need to know? What is consistent? What conflicts?
Are decisions based on the quality of the outcome?
No they are based on the quality of the decision making
What should you consider with powers and policies?
Are there any offences here? What are they? What other powers do I have that could be helpful (ie powers of entry)?
When considering options and contingencies what should you consider?
PLAN, are they realistic and feasible, the impact of the decision on the situation / public etc
What are the key stages of taking action in CIA POAR / NDM?
Respond (enacting the decision and informing relevant parties),
Record (record what you did and why)
Monitor (what happened as a result of your action, better? Worse? New plan?)
When is someone vulnerable?
A person is vulnerable if as a result of their situation or circumstances they are unable to take care or protect themselves or others from harm or exploitation. This could be because of things like age, disability, risk of abuse or neglect etc
How do you assess vulnerability?
Using VAF (vulnerability assessment framework) - ABCDE
Appearance and atmosphere (bleeding?)
Behaviour (what are they doing? Is the behaviour appropriate given the situation?)
Communication (what are they saying and how are they saying it?)
Danger (are they in danger or putting others in danger?)
Environment
What is VAF?
Vulnerability assessment framework. ABCDE
Appearance and atmosphere (bleeding?)
Behaviour (what are they doing? Is the behaviour appropriate given the situation?)
Communication (what are they saying and how are they saying it?)
Danger (are they in danger or putting others in danger?)
Environment
What is a threat?
A communicated or perceived intent to inflict harm
What is harm?
The potential result of a threat manifesting
What purpose does collecting information and intelligence HAVE to be for?
A policing purpose
What some key policing purposes?
- Protect life and property
- Preserve order / kings peace
- Prevent crime / the commission (committing) of offences
- Detect crime
- Bring offenders to justice
+ Any duty or responsibility arising from common or statute law
What are the 5 W H questions?
Who
What
When
Where
Why
How
What is information?
All information obtained, recorded or processed for a policing purpose
What is intelligence?
Information that has been evaluated.
What is the only purpose you can collect information?
A policing purpose (protect life and property, preserve order, prevent crime, detect crime)
What needs to happen to information to become intelligence?
Gathered, collated and evaluated
With respect to information what is the 3x5x2 process?
The grading process for intelligence.
There are 3 source gradings
5 intelligence gradings
2 dissemination handling gradings
What are the intelligence / information source assessment gradings?
Source grading
1 - reliable
2 - untested
3 - not reliable
With regard to intelligence what is ROTAS?
Relevant
Objective
Timely
Accurate
Specific
What are the five information / intelligence assessment gradings?
Information / intelligence grading
A - information known directly to source (info obtained first hand eg witnessing it)
B - known indirectly to source but not corroborated
C - known indirectly to source (info told to source by someone else)
D - not known
E - suspected to be false
When can information / intelligence be shared and what rating will they be given?
To share info / intel there must be a policing purpose, local protocols in place and a legitimate need to receive it.
It will either be:
P - lawful sharing permitted
C - lawful sharing permitted with conditions
What is NIM?
National intelligence model
