ncert arihant Flashcards
articulate
able to express thoughts and feelings easily and clearly, or showing this quality
where the earliest tradition of Indian music found mentioned in_______, which contained the _______ related to music
Sama Veda
shlokas
Bharatmuni’s _______ (compiled during second century BC to second century AD).
Natyashashtra
The Indian classical music is broadly based on two traditions
., the Hindustani form prevalent in North India and the Carnatic music form in South India
Hindustani classical music may be traced back to the period of the
Delhi Sultanate
who encouraged the practice of musical performance with the sitar and the tabla
to Amir Khusrau (1253-1325 AD)
- The gharanas functions as
guru-shishyaparampara
This style of singing is traditionally performed by men with a Tanpura and Pakhawaj
Dhrupad
Dhrupads are sung in four styles called
Bansi Gaurhar, Dagur, Khandhar and Nauhar,
some famous Dhrupad vocalists.
Pandit Uday Bhawalkar, Pandit Ritwik Sanyal and the Umakant Gundecha and Ramakant Gundecha (Gundecha Brothers)
It consists of about 4-8 lines of lyrics set to a tune.
Khayal
The Khayal form of Hindustani classical music is ascribed to______, the 15th century ruler of the Sharqui dynasty.
Hussain Shah Sharqui
________was made popular by the 18th century Mughal ruler Mohammed Shah.
khayal
It Some of the modern day khayal vocalists are
late Bhimsen Joshi, Nagaraja Havaldar, Kishori Amonkar, Ulhas and Kashalkar, Prabhakar Karekar, Pandit Jasraj,
- Dhamar These compositions are similar to Dhrupad, but are chiefly associated with the festival of
Holi
Dhamar Tal is chiefly used in festivals like
Janmashtami, Ramnavami and Holi.
___ are songs that are used to convey a feel of joy and are usually performed towards the end of a concert
. Tarana
Tarana Another vocal form of the
Hindustani music
Thumri It is an informal vocal form of Hindustani classical music
Thumri
Thumri is said to have begun with the court of
Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, the Nawab of Oudh
. The compositions are either devotional or romantic in nature. It was inspired by Bhakti movement. It mainly used Hindi dialects like Awadhi or Braj Bhasha.
thumri
The compositions in Carnatic music may be attributed collectively to three composers who lived between 1700 and 1850 AD
Shyam Shastri, Thyagaraja and Muthuswami Dikshitar.
___ is reversed both as a saint and an artist. He epitomises the essence of Carnatic music.
Thyagaraja
Purandara dasa was another great composer of
Carnatic music.
*It is a composition usually sung or played at the beginning of a recital and reveals the general form of the raga
Varnam
The Varnam is made up of two parts which are as follow:
- The Purvanga or first-half.
- The Uttaranga or second-half.
It is a highly evolved musical song set to a certain raga and fixed tala or rhythmic cycle.
- Kriti
*It is a melodic improvisation in free rhythm played without mridangam accompaniment
Ragam
It is another style of melodic improvisation in free rhythm.
- Tanam
This is a short pre-composed melodic theme with words and set to one cycle of tal.`
- Pallavi
It is the section where the Pallavi is played in three tempos keeping the tal constant.
Trikalam
- It is the improvised section performed with the drummer in medium and fast speeds.
Swara-Kalpana
This is the final part of the Pallavi, where the soloist improvises freely and comes back to the original theme at the end
Ragamalika
