6th scert Flashcards
Kailasanathar temple, was built by
later Pallava king Rajasimha at Kanchi.
Chola Nadu
sorudaithu (rice in abundance).
muthudaithu (pearls in abundance)
Pandya Nadu
vezhamudaithu (elephants in abundance).
Chera Nadu
Saandrorudaithu (scholars in abundance)
Thondai Nadu
trade by sea
Legitimate
reasonable
*
a long time ago
nick name
Moat
a deep and wide trench filled with water surrounding a palace
Vedic Age – It is a period in the History
of India between
1500 BC (BCE) – 600 BC
(BCE).
vedic came from Central Asia in several
waves of migration through
Khyber Pass
of Hindu Kush Mountains
vedhas also practised
slash and burn agriculture
vedic age
iron age
nature of vedic civilisation
rural civilisation
the Aryan homeland was the ,
Punjab
Four Vedas
Rig 2. Yajur
3. Sama 4. Atharva
Vedic literature can be classifi ed into two
Shrutis -
Smritis
The Shrutis comprise
the four Vedas, the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas and the Upanishads.
‘Shruti’ means
listening (or unwritten) ones that were transmitted orally through generations.
Smritis - A body of texts containing
teachings on religion such as
Ithihasas, Puranas, Tantras and Agamas.
‘Smriti’ means
definite and written literature
ithihasas
ramayana
mahabharatha
puranas
shiva purana
vishnu purana
sutras
dharmasutra
manusmriti
naradasmriti
“Satyameva Jayate
Mundaka Upanishad.
Early Vedic
Period
1500 – 1000 BC
(BCE)
Later Vedic
Period
1000 – c.600 BC
(BCE)
The Rig Vedic polity was _______- based.
kinship
the basic unit of the polity.
Kula (clan) and head called Kulapati
Grama was headed by
Gramani.
A group of villages was called
Vis (clan)
______was the head of the Jana (tribe
Rajan as Janasyagopa (guardian
of the people).
______-(the
tribal assembly) was the oldest.
Vidhata,
Sabha
- a council of elders
Samiti -
assembly of people
In economic, political and
military matters, the king was assisted by
the Senani (army chief)
_______ was
the leader of the village.
Gramani
Janas or Tribes were
amalgamated to form _____
in later Vedic period
Janapadas or Rashtras
Bali
a tax consisting of 1/6 of the
agricultural produce or cattle for a person
The Vedic family was
patriarchal
Dasyus
and Dasas.
non-Aryans
vedic pottery
Ochre
Coloured Pottery (OCP)
The staple crop of vedic
was
yava (barley).
no mention of
wheat or cotton in the
Rig-Veda
Pottery of this later vedic period
was.
Painted Grey Ware Culture
Metals Known to Rig Vedic
People
Gold (Hiranya)
* Iron (Shyama)
* Copper/ Bronze (Ayas)
Barter
system was prevalent (exchange of
goods). They used
Nishka, Satmana
(gold coins) and Krishnala (silver coins)
for business transactions.
______ worshipped mostly the
earthly and celestial gods
Rig Vedic Aryans
Aditi (
goddess of
eternity)
Usha
(appearance of dawn).
Praja
(children)
Prajapathi
(the
creator)
Vishnu (
the protector
Rudra
(the destroyer)
end of the later Vedic period,
the concept of four stages in life (the four
ashramas)
Brahmacharya (Student Life)
Grihastha (Married Life)
Vanaprastha (Going to the forest to
meditate)
Sanyasa (Leading a life of an ascetic
so as to attain Swarga)
characteristic of the Megalithic period.(pottery)
The Black and Red Ware Pottery
Megalithic Culture
(600 BC (BCE) and AD (CE) 100).
The later Vedic culture in north India and the Iron Age in south India belong to
the
same period.
Adichanallur -
Thoothukudi
District iron swords
Keezhadi –
Sivagangai District ivory dices
Periplus mentions the steel imported to Rome from Peninsular India was subjected to
duty in the ______.
port of Alexandria
Porunthal –
Dindigul District pots filled with rice,
Paiyampalli –1000 BC (BCE).
Vellore District Evidence for iron smelting
Kodumanal –
Erode District
identified with the Kodumanam
of Pathitrupathu
______found at burial site is assigned to the Megalithic period.
A Menhir
_____ are Megalithic
tombs made of two or
more upright stones
Dolmens
ascending order of the Rig Vedic society
Kula ˂ Grama ˂ Vis ˂ Jana ˂ Rashtra
Angas –
Jain texts
Tripitakas and Jatakas - s
Buddhist
texts
first Tirthankara
Rishabha
last tirthankara one was
Mahavira
mahavir Original name
- Vardhamana
Place of Birth Mahavira,
Kundhagrama near
Vaishali, Bihar
Parents Mahavira,
Siddharth, Trishala
Place of Death - mahavir
Pavapuri, Bihar
at the age Mahavira (The Great Hero) to adopt an ascetic life
30v
Vardhamana attained
omniscience or supreme knowledge,
known as
Kevala.. After twelve and a half years of
rigorous penance
Tri–rathnas or Three Jewels jainism
They are:
Right Faith
Right Knowledge
Right action
Jain Code of Conduct
Ahimsa - not to injure any living
beings
Satya - to speak truth
Asteya - not to steal
Aparigraha - not to own property
Brahmacharya - Celibacy
the teachings of
Mahavira, called
Agama sidhantha.
Agama sidhantha. was compiled by
Gautama Swami, a chief disciple of
Mahavira
Jainism split into two sects.
Digambaras and Svetambaras
Monks of the digambara sect dress code
do not
wear any clothing and live naked
Monks of Svetambaras sect, wear dress code
white robes. with Rajoharana (broom with wollen
threads),
womens in jains / buddhas
Digambaras believe that women cannot
achieve nirvana or liberation directly
Svetambaras believe that women are
equally capable of achieving liberation
as men.
Gownthiyadigal a
female jain monk
Gautama Buddha real name
was
Siddhartha.
buddha was raised by his step
.
mother Gautami
At the age of_____, Siddhartha saw four
sorrowful sights.
29
Place of Birth buddha
Lumbini Garden,
Nepal
Parents buddha
Suddhodana,
Maya devi
Place of Death buddha
Kushi Nagar, UP
_______sat under a Pipal tree and undertook
a deep meditation near Gaya
Buddha 49th attained
buddha sacrificed_____years of his life towards
penance
six
Sakya Muni or Sage of Sakya clan.
buddha
Buddha delivered his first sermon at
Deer Park in Sarnath, near Benaras
“Dharma Chakra Pravartana”or the Turning of the Wheel of Law.
first sermon
Buddha’s Four Noble Truths
Life is full of sorrow and misery.
Desire is the cause of misery.
Sorrows and sufferings can be
removed by giving up one’s desire.
The desire can be overcome by
following the right path (Noble eightfold
path)
Eight Fold Path
Right view
Right Thought
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Knowledge
Right Meditation
Buddha’s teachings are referred to as
.
dhamma
Buddha asserted that attaining
_______is the ultimate aim of life.
nirvana
_________ – represents
the Buddhist view of the world.
The Wheel of life
Sangha members were called
(monks).
bhikshus
Chaitya – A Buddhist shrine or a
meditation hall.
Viharas – Monastries / living
quarters for monks
Stupas – Built over the remains
of Buddha’s body, they
are monuments of great
artistic value
Buddhist Sects
Hinayana Mahayana
Hinayana
Did not worship
idols or images of
Buddha.
Practiced
austerity.
Believed that
Salvation of the
individual as its
goal.
Used Prakrit
language.
Hinayana is
also known as
Theravada
Mahayana
Worshiped images
of Buddha.
Observed
elaborate rituals
Believed that
salvation of all
beings as its
objective
Used Sanskrit
language
Spread to Central
Asia, Ceylon,
Burma, Nepal,
Tibet, China,
Japan, where
middle path was
accepted.
Frescoes (paintings)
Frescoes on the ceilings and walls
of the Ajanta caves in Aurangabad,
Maharashtra – depict the
Jataka Tales
Dinnaga, the
famous Buddhist logician, and
Dharmapala, a great scholar of
Nalanda University hailed
Hieun Tsang who visited Kanchipuram
in the seventh century A.D(CE).
Confucianism in China
Confucius (Kung Fu Tse
Zoroaster
Zoroastrianism in Persia
Preceptor
a teacher or instructor
Pathitrupathu (a collection of ten
decades of verses
chastity
(karpu
harvest festival (
Pongal
festival of spring in tamilnadu
, kaarthiga
Natural History
The Roman writer Pliny the Elder
A papyrus document
Vienna
museum) of 2nd century BC (BCE)
records the agreement between two
merchants’ shippers of Alexandria
and Muziris.
‘first emporium (shopping complex)
of India
Muziris
Kalabhras
end of the 3rd century
AD (CE)
Han Dynasty –
China
Colosseum
Roman Civilisation –
Italy
Strove
கடும் முயற்சி
Royal insignia
symbols of power
Patronage
support given by a patron
Blazoned
displayed vividly
ascending order of the administrative division in the ancient Tamizhagam
Ur ˂ Kurram ˂ Nadu ˂Mandalam
There were two kinds of government in north
India during the sixth century BC (BCE)
Gana - sanghas – non monarchical
states.
Kingdoms - monarchies
The gana sanghas practiced
_______ traditions
egalitarian
_____ were the earliest gathering places of men
Janapadas
Magadha in Bihar
Vatsa in Kausambi, Allahabad
Avanti in
Ujjain
Kosala in
Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Four dynasties ruled over Magadha
Empire.
The Haryanka dynasty
The Shishunaga dynasty
The Nanda dynasty
The Maurya dynasty
Magadha’s gradual rise to political
supremacy began with ______of
Haryanka dynasty
Bimbisara
_______ extended the territory of
Magadhan Empire by conquests and by
matrimonial alliances with Lichchhavis,
Madra and Kosala
Bimbisara
Bimbisara son
Ajatasatru,
successor of Ajatasatru
Udayin
foundation of the new capital at
Pataliputra. from rajagriha
Udayin,
first Buddhist Council at Rajagriha
Ajatasatru,
Haryanka dynasty was succeeded by the
Shishunaga dynasty
a king of
Shishunaga dynasty,
Kalasoka
____-, a king of
Shishunaga dynasty, shifted the capital
from Rajagriha to Pataliputra
Kalasoka
second Buddhist Council at Vaishali.
Kalasoka
_____ were the first empire builders
of India
Nandas
The first Nanda ruler was
Mahapadma Nanda
the last Nanda ruler
Dhana Nanda
The word Nalanda
is a Sanskrit combination of three words Na +
alam + daa meaning
“no stopping of the gift
of knowledge”.
Mauryan Empire Archaeological
sources
Punch Marked Coins
Mauryan Empire Inscriptions
Edicts of Ashoka, Junagath
Inscription
Mauryan Empire Secular
Literature
Kautilya’s Arthasastra
Visakadatta’s Mudrarakshasa
Mamulanar’s poem in
Agananuru
Megasthenese
He was the ambassador of the Greek
ruler, Seleucus, in the court of .
Mauryan Empire Chandra
Gupta
– India’s First
Empire
Mauryan Empire
Mauryan Empire – capital
Pataliputra (present day
Patna, Bihar)
Mauryan Empire Historical era
c. 322 BC (BCE) –
187 BC (BCE)
mauryan empire Important
Kings
Chandragupta,
Bindusara, Ashoka
____________, a Jain monk, took
Chandragupta Maurya to the southern
India.
Bhadrabahu(SVETAMBARA)
Chandragupta performed
______ (Jaina rituals in which a person
fasts unto his death) in ______
(Karnataka).
Sallekhana
Sravanbelgola
Real name of Bindusara was
Simhasena
Bindusara as Amitragatha,
meaning
‘slayer of enemies
Ashoka was known as
‘Devanam Piya’ meaning ‘beloved of the
Gods’.
Ashoka fought the Kalinga war in.
261
BC (BCE)
The horror of KALINGA war was described by the
king himself in the .
Rock Edict XIII
Chandasoka ______ to
Dhammasoka________ )
(Ashoka, the wicked)
(Ashoka the righteous
The meaning of Dhamma is
explained in Ashoka’s – Pillar Edict
II TWO
Ashoka sent his son_________ to Srilanka to propagate
Buddhism
Mahinda and
Sanghamitta
The
Dhamma-mahamattas(spread dhamma all over the
empire.) were a new cadre
of officials created by
Ashoka.
third Buddhist
Council at his capital Pataliputra.
Ashoka
The script of the inscriptions
At Sanchi –
At Kandahar
At North Western part –
Brahmi
Greek and Aramaic
Kharoshthi
Council of ministers known as
______- IN MAURYYAN ADMINISTRATION
mantriparishad
Ashokan
inscription at Lumbini mentions__________ as taxes collected from people.
bali and
bagha
The land tax (bhaga) collected was____-
of the total produce.
1/6
A board of 30 members divided
into six committees with five members on
each, monitored
Navy
Armoury ( transport and supply)
Infantry
Cavalry
The war chariots
The war elephants
Town administration was under
________. He was assisted by ___-
and ___-.
Nagarika
Sthanika ND GOPA
_________
of Rudradaman records that the
construction of a water reservoir known
as Sudarshana Lake was begun during
the time of Chandragupta Maurya and
completed during Ashoka’s reign
The Junagarh / Girnar Inscription
(panas) IN MAURYAN ADMINIS
The punch marked silver coins
(panas) which carry the symbols of the
peacock,
the hill and crescent copper
coins called ________IN MAURYA PERIOD
Mashakas
Mauryan art can be
divided into two
Indigenous Art –
Statues of Yakshas
and Yakshis
Mauryan art can be
divided into two — Royal Art
Palaces and Public
buildings
– Monolithic Pillars
– Rock cut Architecture
– Stupas
Three caves in Barabar hills
have dedicative inscription of _____
Ashoka
three in Nagarjuna hills have inscriptions
of _________
Dasharatha Maurya (grand son of
Ashoka).
Last Maurya ruler OF maurya_____was
killed by his commander _____ who established Sungha
dynasty.
Brihadratha
Pushyamitra Sungha
The Great Wall of China was built by
Qin-Shi Huang
Temple of Zeus at Olympia
It is one of
the seven wonders of the ancient world
Monastery
a building in which monks live and worship
Treatise
(ஆய்வுக்கட்டுரை)
_____of Vardhana dynasty ruled
North India from 606 to 647 A.D (CE).
Harsha
Udayagiri Cave Inscription, Mathura
Stone Inscription and Sanchi Stone
Inscription of ______
Chandragupta II.
Bhitari Pillar Inscription of
Skandagupta
Devichandraguptam
and Mudrarakshasa
Visakhadatta’s
Bana’s
Harshacharita
Accounts of Chinese Buddhist monk
______ who visited India during the
reign of Chandragupta II.
Fahien
Ratnavali, Nagananda,
Priyadharshika
Harsha’s
Hiuen-Tsang’s
Si-Yu-Ki
______ is considered to be the founder
of the Gupta dynasty
Sri Gupta
first Gupta ruler to
be featured on coins.
Sri Gupta
Sri Gupta was succeeded by
his son
Ghatotkacha
_____ married Kumaradevi
of the famous and powerful Lichchhavi
family.
Chandragupta I
319–335 AD(CE))
The gold coins attributed
to Chandragupta bear the images of
Chandragupta, Kumaradevi and the
legend ‘Lichchhavayah
Samudragupta, son of ____, was the greatest ruler of the dynasty.
Chandragupta
I
The Prayog Prashasti, composed by
Samudragupta’s court poet ____
was engraved on Allahabad Pillar
Harisena
Allahabad Pillar inscription
Samudragupta (335–380 AD(CE))
Prashasti is a Sanskrit word, meaning
commendation or ‘in praise of’.
In
the southern Pallava kingdom, the king
who was defeated by Samudragupta was
Vishnugopa.
Samudragupta was a devotee of .
Vishnu
who revived the Vedic practice of performing
horse sacrifice
Samudragupta
________is portrayed
playing harp (veenai).
Samudragupta
title ‘Kaviraja’.
Samudragupta
Sri Meghavarman, the Buddhist king
of Ceylon, was a contemporary of
Samudragupta
Chandragupta II was the son of
Samudragupta.
who was also known as
Vikramaditya.
Chandragupta II
(380 - 415AD(CE))
The iron pillar
near Qutub Minar is believed to have been
built by
Vikramaditya r chandragupta 2
(Navaratna [Nine Jewels])
chandragupta 2
Kalidasa
Harisena
Sanskrit poet
Amarasimha
Lexicographer
Dhanvantri
Physician
Kahapanaka
Astrologer
Sanku
Architect
Varauchi
Grammarian and
Sanskrit scholar
Varahamihira
Astronomer
Vittalbhatta
Magician
The surnames of Chandragupta II
were
Vikramaditya, Narendrachandra,
Simhachandra, Narendrasimha, Vikrama
Devaraja, Devagupta and Devasri.
Chandragupta II was succeeded by
his son______ who built the
famous Nalanda University
Kumaragupta I,
Kumaragupta’s successor
Skandagupta
_______had to face a new threat
in the form of the invasion of Huns
Skandagupta
Fahien visited India.
His travel accounts
1 the socio-economic,
religious
2 moral
conditions of the people of the Gupta
age.
3 no death penalty.
4 Gaya was
desolated.
5 Kapilavasthu had become a
jungle
6, but at Pataliputra people were
rich and prosperous.
narasimha gupta 1 was himself attracted towards
.
Buddhism
The
last of the great Guptas was
Narasimha Gupta I. or Baladitya
_____ was paying tribute to
Mihirakula
Narasimha Gupta I.
Thelast recognised king of the Gupta Empire was
Vishnugupta.
Gupta Polity
divine theory of kingship
High-ranking officials og gupta period were called
dandanayakas and mahadandanayakas
The Gupta Empire was divided into
provinces known as ___
They were administered by ___
deshas or bhuktis.
the governors,
designated as uparikas
districts such as vishyas gupta periodcontrolled by the officers
known as
vishyapatis.
village level in guta
gramika
and gramadhyaksha.
baladhikrita in gp
).
(commander of infantry
mahabaladhikrita in g p
nd cavalry respectively
spies in gp
dutakas.
Nitisara, authored by _______
emphasises the importance of the royal
treasury and mentions various sources
of revenue
Kamandaka,
Classification of land during Gupta
period
Kshetra cultivable land
Khila waste land
Aprahata jungle or forest land
Vasti habitable land
Gapata Saraha pastoral land
two
types of traders in gp, namely
Sresti and
Sarthavaha.
Nalanda University flourished under
the patronage of the Gupta Empire
in thj
e 5th and 6th centuries and later
under emperor Harsha of Kanauj
Nalanda was ravaged and destroyed by Mamluks (Turkish Muslims) under
Bhaktiyar
Khalji
Eight Mahapatashalas and three large
libraries were situated on the campus. in____
Nalanda University
Who were the Huns?
Huns were the nomadic
tribes, who, under their great Attila, were
terrorising Rome and Constantinople
White Huns After defeating
Skandagupta, they spread across Central India.
Their chief,
Toromana,
Toromana son
Mihirakula
Mihirakula defeated by
Finally, Yasodharman, ruler of Malwa in
Central India,
Sresti traders
usually
settled
at a standard
place.
Sarthavaha traders
were
caravan
traders who carried
their goods to
different places
who introduced the Gupta
monetary system
Samudragupta
The Gupta
gold coins were known as
Dinara.
The most important evidence of
development in metallurgy was the____
Mehrauli Iron Pillar installed by King
Chandragupta II in Delhi
Inscriptions refer to Kubernaga
and Dhrubaswamini as the queens of
Chandragupta II.
Sati was practised
during the Gupta rule. yes r no
yes
___ and ___ performed Asvamedha
Yagna (a horse sacrifice ritual). in gp
Samudragupta and
Kumaragupta I
s were the first to construct
temples,
The Gupta
Ajanta and Ellora
(Maharashtra),
Bagh
(Madhya Pradesh)
(Madhya Pradesh)
Udaygiri
(Odisha).
Two remarkable examples of Gupta
metal sculpture
(i) a copper image
of Buddha about 18 feet high at Nalanda
and (ii) Sultanganj Buddha seven-and-ahalf
feet in height.
the Gupta paintings are
found
Fresco of the Ajanta caves
and the Bagh cave in Gwalior.
the language spoken by the
people in gp was
Prakrit
the Guptas made
_____ the official language
Sanskrit
who
wrote Mahabhashya
Patanjali
who
wrote Ashtadhyayi
panini
A Buddhist scholar from Bengal,
Chandrogomia composed a book on
grammar titled
Chandravyakaranam
famous dramas were Sakunthala,
Malavikagnimitra and Vikramaoorvashiyam
Kalidasa’s
Meghaduta, Raghuvamsa, Kumarasambava
and Ritusamhara.
Kalidasa
Aryabhatta, in his book
Surya Siddhanta,
explained the true
causes of solar and lunar eclipses
_____was the first Indian astronomer
to declare that the earth revolves
around its own axis.
Aryabhatta
specialist in Ayurveda.
Dhanvantri
__was the
first Indian to explain the process of
surgery.
Susruta
The founder of the Vardhana
or Pushyabhuti dynasty ruled from
Thaneswar
_____ served as a
military general under the Guptas
Pushyabhuti
With the accession of ______-,
the Pushyabhuti family became strong
and powerful.
Prabakaravardhana,
, the eldest son of
Prabhakaravardhana,
Rajavardhana
Rajavardhana’s
sister_____
husband, Raja of Kanauj,
was killed by the Gauda
ruler Sasanka of Bengal
Rajayashri’s
Harsha
shifted his capital from Thaneswar to
Kanauj.
The most popular king of the vardhana
dynasty was
Harshavardhana 606 to 647
harsha was killed by
Chalukya king Pulikesin II.
Harsha met the Chinese traveller,
Hiuen Tsang, at____ for the first
time
Kajangala near
Rajmahal (Jharkhand)
____ were the three kinds of tax
collected during Harsha’s reign.
Bhaga, Hiranya and
Bali
Harsha was the worshipper of Shiva in
the beginning, but he embraced Buddhism
under the influence of his
sister Rajyashri
and the Buddhist monk and traveller
Hiuen Tsang.
who belonged to Mahayana
school of thought. in vardhmana period
harsha
‘prince of pilgrims’,
Hiuen Tsang,
_____ tells us
how Harsha, though a Buddhist, went
to participate in the great kumbhamela
held at Prayag.
Hiuen Tsang
harsha royal court was adorned by
Banabhatta,
Mayura, Hardatta and Jayasena.
______ was the contemporary of Constantine the Great, the Roman Emperor,
who founded Constantinople
Chandragupta I
Tang Dynasty of China. Their
capital (Harsha’s time coincided)
(Xi’an)
Desolated
பா ழடைந்த
Pathetic
பரிதாபக ரமான
___________ was the Gauda ruler of Bengal.
Sasanka
Buddhist monk from China __________, visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II.
FAHIAN
Chalukyas of Badami (Vatapi), who were
then pushed away by the
Rashtrakutas
The Pallava kings important trade centre of
Kanchipuram
Kasakudi Plates
pallavas
_______ son
of Simhavarman II (around 550 AD (CE), created
a strong Pallava kingdom after destroying the
Kalabhras.
Simhavishnu,
The last Pallava ruler was
.
Aparajita
Mahendravarman I was
succeeded by his son
Narasimhavarman I.
________embraced Saivism by the Saivite
saint Appar (Tirunavukkarasar) 1st devotee of jainism
Mahendravarman I
introducing a new style to Dravidian architecture, which is referred
to as ‘Mahendra style
Mahendravarman I
Mahendravarman
also wrote plays, including (c.620)
_________. (The Delight of the
Drunkards) in Sanskrit, which denigrates
Buddhism.
MattavilasaPrahasana
_______ seems to have defeated
Mahendravarman in one of the battles and
taken over a large part of his territory (Vengi)
in the north.
Pulakesin
______
(c. 630–668) avenged the defeat by
capturing Vatapi, the capital of Chalukyas.
He set Vatapi on fire, killing Pulakesin in the
process.
Narasimavarma I
Narasimhavarman I’s army general
was i
Paranjothi Popularly known as
Siruthondar (one of the 63 Nayanmars),
“Paranjothi led the Pallava army during
the invasion of Vatapi. After the victory
he had a change of heart and devoted
himself to Lord Siva “ said in
periya puranam
______
also known as Rajasimha, was a great
military strategist
Narasimhavarman II (c. 695–722),
the famous Kailasanatha
temple at Kanchipuram was built by
Narasimhavarman II
Avanisimha
Simhavishnu
Vichitra Chitta
Mahendravarma I
Sankirnajati
Mahendravarma I
Mattavilasa
Mahendravarma I
Gunabhara
Mahendravarma I
Chitrakarapuli
Mahendravarma I
Vatapi
Kondan
Narasimhavarma I
Mamallan,
Narasimhavarma I
Mamallapuram
was added to the list of UNESCO World
Heritage Sites.
1984,
Rock-Cut temples
Mahendravarman
style
Monolithic Rathas and Sculptural
Mandapas
Mamallan style
Structural Temples
Rajasimhan
style and Nandivarman style
Vaikunda
Perumal temple at Kanchipuram. style
Nandivarma Style
nayanmars sivan
63
azhwars vishnu
12
who
wrote Nyaya Bhashya was a teacher at
Kanchi (Gatika).
Vatsyaya
he treatise on Dakshin Chitram
(Paintings of South India) was
compiled during the reign of
.
Mahendravarma I
great Sanskrit scholar,
Dandin, adorned in the
court of
Narasimhavarma I
Dandin composed
Dashakumara
Charita.
Bharavi, the great Sanskrit scholar, lived
in the time of
Simhavishnu
Bharavi
wrote _______, an epic in verses
Kiratarjuniya
Thevaram
composed by
Nayanmars
Nalayradivyaprabantham composed
by
Azhwars
Perundevanar, who
was patronized by_____-,
Nandivarman II
_______translated the Mahabharata into Tamil
as Bharathavenba.
Perundevanar
The
famous musician Rudracharya lived during
_____
Mahendravarma I.
The music inscriptions in
______ and ______temples
show Pallavas’ interest in music
Kudumianmalai
Thirumayam
three distinct of independent
Chalukya dynasties
- Chalukyas of Badami
- Chalukyas of Vengi (Eastern Chalukyas)
- Chalukyas of Kalyani (Western Chalukyas).
Aihole Inscription:
Meguti Temple in Aihole (Bagalkot district,
Karnataka
________-is written in Sanskrit by
Ravikirti, a court poet of Chalukya king
Pulakesin II. It makes a mention of the
defeat of Harsha Vardhana by Pulakesin II.
Aihole Inscription:
FATHER OF Kirtivarman I
Pulakesin I,
The
Persian (Iran) king Khusru II sent an
embassy to the court of
Pulakesin II.
Pulakesin II conquered
the kingdom of Vengi and gave it to his
brother_________, the first Eastern
Chalukya ruler
Vishnuvardhana
Chalukyas had recaptured it by
655
Vikramaditya I (655 to 680) and
Vikramaditya II,
__________,
the successor of Vikramaditya II was
defeated by Dantidurga,
Kirtivarman II,
, the founder of
the Rashtrakuta dynasty.
Dantidurga
_____occupied Kalyani and
his dynasty quickly grew into an empire
under Somesvara I.v
Tailapa II
Somesvara I moved
the capital from _____ to Kalyani
Manyakheta
____ is a
combination of south Indian (Dravida)
and north Indian (Nagara) building
styles iin chalukyas.
Vesara
The Vishnu temple at Badami was built by______ of the Chalukya Dynasty
and contains the Aihole inscription of
Vikramaditya II
Mangalesa
Chalukyas adopted the _____
style in paintings.
Vakataka
Pattadakal,Bagalkot district
of Karnataka. temples
four were built in northern style
(Nagara), while the rest six are in the
southern (Dravida) style
The Rashtrakutas ,their mother tongue was
Kannada.
_______ was the founder of Rashtrakuta
dynasty.
Dantidurga
who
succeeded Dantidurga
Krishna I
The
Kailasanatha temple at Ellora was built by
Krishna I
The greatest king of the Rashtrakuta
dynasty was
Amogavarsha
_______built a
new capital at Manyakheta (now Malkhed
in Karnataka)
Amogavarsha.
_____ became the
port. of rastrakuta period
Broach
, who succeeded his
father Amogavarsha, suffered a defeat in
the battle of Vallala (modern Tiruvallam,
Vellore district) at the hands of Cholas
under Parantaka in c. 916.
Krishna II
____
(c. 939–967) was the last able ruler
of Rashtrakuta dynasty
Krishna III
_____defeated
the Cholas in the battle of Takkolam
(presently in Vellore district) and
captured Thanjavur
Krishna III
(c. 939–967)
_____built Krishneshwara temple at
Rameshwaram.
Krishna III
____ was the last
ruler to hold the empire intact. After his
death, the Rashtrakuta power declined.
Govinda III
Kavirajamarga composed by
Amogavarsha was the first poetic work in
kannada
The three
gems of Kannada literature during the
which period were Pampa, Sri Ponna and Ranna
The Rashtrakutas
Adikavi Pampa was famous for his creative
works ______
Adipurana and Vikramarjunavijaya.
The life of Rishabadeva, the first Jain
Tirthankara is depicted in
Adipurana
In Vikramarjunavijaya Pampa’s patron,
______i, is identified with
Arjuna, epic hero of Mahabharatha.
Chalukya Arikesari
Kailasanatha Temple – Ellora
(near
Aurangabad, Maharashtra
The Kailasanatha temple
portrays typical ______ features.
Dravidian
Amogavarsha (c. 814–878) was
embraced to Jainism by
Jinasena, a Jain
monk.
The Jain Narayana
temple and the Kasi Vishwesvara temple
were built by
Rashtrakutas.
Leshan Giant Buddha
(71 metre tall)
Built during
Tang dynasty in China
ravaged
severely damaged சூறையாடிய
descendants
வழித்தோன்றல்கள்
reclining
சாய்ந்திருக்கக்கூடிய
Who among the following built the VaikundaPerumal temple?
Nandivarma II
Pattadakal
Chalukyas
