6th scert Flashcards
Kailasanathar temple, was built by
later Pallava king Rajasimha at Kanchi.
Chola Nadu
sorudaithu (rice in abundance).
muthudaithu (pearls in abundance)
Pandya Nadu
vezhamudaithu (elephants in abundance).
Chera Nadu
Saandrorudaithu (scholars in abundance)
Thondai Nadu
trade by sea
Legitimate
reasonable
*
a long time ago
nick name
Moat
a deep and wide trench filled with water surrounding a palace
Vedic Age – It is a period in the History
of India between
1500 BC (BCE) – 600 BC
(BCE).
vedic came from Central Asia in several
waves of migration through
Khyber Pass
of Hindu Kush Mountains
vedhas also practised
slash and burn agriculture
vedic age
iron age
nature of vedic civilisation
rural civilisation
the Aryan homeland was the ,
Punjab
Four Vedas
Rig 2. Yajur
3. Sama 4. Atharva
Vedic literature can be classifi ed into two
Shrutis -
Smritis
The Shrutis comprise
the four Vedas, the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas and the Upanishads.
‘Shruti’ means
listening (or unwritten) ones that were transmitted orally through generations.
Smritis - A body of texts containing
teachings on religion such as
Ithihasas, Puranas, Tantras and Agamas.
‘Smriti’ means
definite and written literature
ithihasas
ramayana
mahabharatha
puranas
shiva purana
vishnu purana
sutras
dharmasutra
manusmriti
naradasmriti
“Satyameva Jayate
Mundaka Upanishad.
Early Vedic
Period
1500 – 1000 BC
(BCE)
Later Vedic
Period
1000 – c.600 BC
(BCE)
The Rig Vedic polity was _______- based.
kinship
the basic unit of the polity.
Kula (clan) and head called Kulapati
Grama was headed by
Gramani.
A group of villages was called
Vis (clan)
______was the head of the Jana (tribe
Rajan as Janasyagopa (guardian
of the people).
______-(the
tribal assembly) was the oldest.
Vidhata,
Sabha
- a council of elders
Samiti -
assembly of people
In economic, political and
military matters, the king was assisted by
the Senani (army chief)
_______ was
the leader of the village.
Gramani
Janas or Tribes were
amalgamated to form _____
in later Vedic period
Janapadas or Rashtras
Bali
a tax consisting of 1/6 of the
agricultural produce or cattle for a person
The Vedic family was
patriarchal
Dasyus
and Dasas.
non-Aryans
vedic pottery
Ochre
Coloured Pottery (OCP)
The staple crop of vedic
was
yava (barley).
no mention of
wheat or cotton in the
Rig-Veda
Pottery of this later vedic period
was.
Painted Grey Ware Culture
Metals Known to Rig Vedic
People
Gold (Hiranya)
* Iron (Shyama)
* Copper/ Bronze (Ayas)
Barter
system was prevalent (exchange of
goods). They used
Nishka, Satmana
(gold coins) and Krishnala (silver coins)
for business transactions.
______ worshipped mostly the
earthly and celestial gods
Rig Vedic Aryans
Aditi (
goddess of
eternity)
Usha
(appearance of dawn).
Praja
(children)
Prajapathi
(the
creator)
Vishnu (
the protector
Rudra
(the destroyer)
end of the later Vedic period,
the concept of four stages in life (the four
ashramas)
Brahmacharya (Student Life)
Grihastha (Married Life)
Vanaprastha (Going to the forest to
meditate)
Sanyasa (Leading a life of an ascetic
so as to attain Swarga)
characteristic of the Megalithic period.(pottery)
The Black and Red Ware Pottery
Megalithic Culture
(600 BC (BCE) and AD (CE) 100).
The later Vedic culture in north India and the Iron Age in south India belong to
the
same period.
Adichanallur -
Thoothukudi
District iron swords
Keezhadi –
Sivagangai District ivory dices
Periplus mentions the steel imported to Rome from Peninsular India was subjected to
duty in the ______.
port of Alexandria
Porunthal –
Dindigul District pots filled with rice,
Paiyampalli –1000 BC (BCE).
Vellore District Evidence for iron smelting
Kodumanal –
Erode District
identified with the Kodumanam
of Pathitrupathu
______found at burial site is assigned to the Megalithic period.
A Menhir
_____ are Megalithic
tombs made of two or
more upright stones
Dolmens
ascending order of the Rig Vedic society
Kula ˂ Grama ˂ Vis ˂ Jana ˂ Rashtra
Angas –
Jain texts
Tripitakas and Jatakas - s
Buddhist
texts
first Tirthankara
Rishabha
last tirthankara one was
Mahavira
mahavir Original name
- Vardhamana
Place of Birth Mahavira,
Kundhagrama near
Vaishali, Bihar
Parents Mahavira,
Siddharth, Trishala
Place of Death - mahavir
Pavapuri, Bihar
at the age Mahavira (The Great Hero) to adopt an ascetic life
30v
Vardhamana attained
omniscience or supreme knowledge,
known as
Kevala.. After twelve and a half years of
rigorous penance
Tri–rathnas or Three Jewels jainism
They are:
Right Faith
Right Knowledge
Right action
Jain Code of Conduct
Ahimsa - not to injure any living
beings
Satya - to speak truth
Asteya - not to steal
Aparigraha - not to own property
Brahmacharya - Celibacy
the teachings of
Mahavira, called
Agama sidhantha.
Agama sidhantha. was compiled by
Gautama Swami, a chief disciple of
Mahavira
Jainism split into two sects.
Digambaras and Svetambaras
Monks of the digambara sect dress code
do not
wear any clothing and live naked
Monks of Svetambaras sect, wear dress code
white robes. with Rajoharana (broom with wollen
threads),
womens in jains / buddhas
Digambaras believe that women cannot
achieve nirvana or liberation directly
Svetambaras believe that women are
equally capable of achieving liberation
as men.
Gownthiyadigal a
female jain monk
Gautama Buddha real name
was
Siddhartha.
buddha was raised by his step
.
mother Gautami
At the age of_____, Siddhartha saw four
sorrowful sights.
29
Place of Birth buddha
Lumbini Garden,
Nepal
Parents buddha
Suddhodana,
Maya devi
Place of Death buddha
Kushi Nagar, UP
_______sat under a Pipal tree and undertook
a deep meditation near Gaya
Buddha 49th attained
buddha sacrificed_____years of his life towards
penance
six
Sakya Muni or Sage of Sakya clan.
buddha
Buddha delivered his first sermon at
Deer Park in Sarnath, near Benaras
“Dharma Chakra Pravartana”or the Turning of the Wheel of Law.
first sermon
Buddha’s Four Noble Truths
Life is full of sorrow and misery.
Desire is the cause of misery.
Sorrows and sufferings can be
removed by giving up one’s desire.
The desire can be overcome by
following the right path (Noble eightfold
path)
Eight Fold Path
Right view
Right Thought
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Knowledge
Right Meditation
Buddha’s teachings are referred to as
.
dhamma
Buddha asserted that attaining
_______is the ultimate aim of life.
nirvana
_________ – represents
the Buddhist view of the world.
The Wheel of life
Sangha members were called
(monks).
bhikshus
Chaitya – A Buddhist shrine or a
meditation hall.
Viharas – Monastries / living
quarters for monks
Stupas – Built over the remains
of Buddha’s body, they
are monuments of great
artistic value
Buddhist Sects
Hinayana Mahayana
Hinayana
Did not worship
idols or images of
Buddha.
Practiced
austerity.
Believed that
Salvation of the
individual as its
goal.
Used Prakrit
language.
Hinayana is
also known as
Theravada
Mahayana
Worshiped images
of Buddha.
Observed
elaborate rituals
Believed that
salvation of all
beings as its
objective
Used Sanskrit
language
Spread to Central
Asia, Ceylon,
Burma, Nepal,
Tibet, China,
Japan, where
middle path was
accepted.
Frescoes (paintings)
Frescoes on the ceilings and walls
of the Ajanta caves in Aurangabad,
Maharashtra – depict the
Jataka Tales
Dinnaga, the
famous Buddhist logician, and
Dharmapala, a great scholar of
Nalanda University hailed
Hieun Tsang who visited Kanchipuram
in the seventh century A.D(CE).
Confucianism in China
Confucius (Kung Fu Tse
Zoroaster
Zoroastrianism in Persia
Preceptor
a teacher or instructor
Pathitrupathu (a collection of ten
decades of verses
chastity
(karpu
harvest festival (
Pongal
festival of spring in tamilnadu
, kaarthiga
Natural History
The Roman writer Pliny the Elder
A papyrus document
Vienna
museum) of 2nd century BC (BCE)
records the agreement between two
merchants’ shippers of Alexandria
and Muziris.
‘first emporium (shopping complex)
of India
Muziris
Kalabhras
end of the 3rd century
AD (CE)
Han Dynasty –
China
Colosseum
Roman Civilisation –
Italy
Strove
கடும் முயற்சி
Royal insignia
symbols of power
Patronage
support given by a patron
Blazoned
displayed vividly
ascending order of the administrative division in the ancient Tamizhagam
Ur ˂ Kurram ˂ Nadu ˂Mandalam
There were two kinds of government in north
India during the sixth century BC (BCE)
Gana - sanghas – non monarchical
states.
Kingdoms - monarchies
The gana sanghas practiced
_______ traditions
egalitarian
_____ were the earliest gathering places of men
Janapadas
Magadha in Bihar
Vatsa in Kausambi, Allahabad
Avanti in
Ujjain
Kosala in
Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Four dynasties ruled over Magadha
Empire.
The Haryanka dynasty
The Shishunaga dynasty
The Nanda dynasty
The Maurya dynasty
Magadha’s gradual rise to political
supremacy began with ______of
Haryanka dynasty
Bimbisara
_______ extended the territory of
Magadhan Empire by conquests and by
matrimonial alliances with Lichchhavis,
Madra and Kosala
Bimbisara
Bimbisara son
Ajatasatru,
successor of Ajatasatru
Udayin
foundation of the new capital at
Pataliputra. from rajagriha
Udayin,
first Buddhist Council at Rajagriha
Ajatasatru,
Haryanka dynasty was succeeded by the
Shishunaga dynasty
a king of
Shishunaga dynasty,
Kalasoka
____-, a king of
Shishunaga dynasty, shifted the capital
from Rajagriha to Pataliputra
Kalasoka
second Buddhist Council at Vaishali.
Kalasoka
_____ were the first empire builders
of India
Nandas
The first Nanda ruler was
Mahapadma Nanda
the last Nanda ruler
Dhana Nanda
The word Nalanda
is a Sanskrit combination of three words Na +
alam + daa meaning
“no stopping of the gift
of knowledge”.
