NCE Exam Prep Practice Exam 5/31 Flashcards by Tera Jaye’

Your client is a lady who is afraid of flying. “So where would you go if you weren‘t afraid of flying?” “I‘d go visit my sister in Wyoming!” Flying to Wyoming becomes the major goal. Using Operant Conditioning, you work out a list of goals with her and a schedule of reinforcements for each achieved goal. Each time she meets a goal she gets to buy something for her travel wardrobe or a piece of new luggage. Likewise, you work out a list of agreed to punishments. She completes Step #1 of her treatment plan of buying an airplane magazine. Next week you ask, “How‘d it go? Did buying the magazine create any anxiety?” “No.” “Did you look through it?” “Yes.” “Any anxiety?” “No.” “OK - For next week, create a collage of airplanes and place yourself somewhere in that collage.” Having accomplished step #1, she gets to go buy her first piece of new luggage. When she comes in with the completed collage she gets to go buy her 2nd piece of luggage. However, since she couldn‘t bring herself to walk through an airport terminal (Step #8), the agreed to punishment takes place: She has to return all of the luggage. Which of the following answers most closely describes the process of you going with your client to the airport, getting on a plane, putting a seat-belt one, and having the pilot rev the engines?

Implosive Therapy

Flooding

Thought Stopping

Connection

Flooding:
a form of exposure therapy where the client is exposed to the most anxiety-inducing stimulus or situation all at once, rather than gradually. In this case, taking the client to the airport, getting on a plane, and experiencing the sounds and sensations of flying would be considered flooding.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Beck’s Hopelessness Scale correlates

hopelessness to suicide.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The last step to consultation from a behavioral perspective is

evaluation

designing a plan

interdepartmental consultation

identifying environmental factors

Evaluation:
the process of assessing the outcome of an intervention or plan. In the context of a behavioral consultation, this means determining whether the desired behavioral changes have been realized. It’s a critical step because it allows for adjustments to be made if the intervention isn’t working as intended.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bem purports that people will function more effectively as androgynous individuals. Which of the following answers best describes the term androgyny?

Women are encouraged to develop masculine sex roles

Males and Females focus on developing feminine sex roles

Men are encouraged to develop feminine sex roles

Males and Females are allowed to develop both masculine and feminine sex roles

Males and Females are allowed to develop both masculine and feminine sex roles.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The group you have been leading has proven to be especially effective. You now wonder why you were apprehensive about leading this group; yet it was your first foray into group leadership. As the group leader, you knew that your responsibilities include all of the following EXCEPT:

Clearly delineating the goals of the group

Keeping members in the dark about an experiment you are performing with the group so as to not bias their responses

Keeping members informed about the totally voluntary nature of the group participation

Keeping a clear understanding of your role as leader of the group

Keeping members “in the dark” about an experiment you are performing with the group so as to not bias their responses.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The goal of therapy in transactional analysis is to

Develop behavioral patterns for implementing games

Effectively manage ego states when involved in game playing:

redefine one’s life script, develop autonomy, and become game free.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following words denotes the emotion that results when a feeling of fear is not understood by the person experiencing it?

Affect
Anxiety
Arousal
Anger

Anxiety

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The group stages of orientation, conflict, cohesiveness, and termination were identified by

Corey

Yalom

Tuckman

Olhsen

Yalom

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Group therapy that focuses on understanding, being, forming relationships, and that considers sharing more valuable than techniques is

person-centered group therapy

Adlerian group therapy

Reality therapy

Psychoanalytic group therapy

person-centered group therapy.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

As the client, you express your fear of delving too deeply into your feelings because you believe you won‘t be able to get out. As a therapist, applying Gestalt techniques, which of the following is most appropriate?

Explore the meaning of the client‘s resistance

Suggest that the two of you role-play the ambivalence between head and heart

Explore how the stuckness is serving the client

Offer feedback to show how you, the counselor, have gotten unstuck before

Suggest that the two of you role-play the ambivalence between head and heart.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following stages in the development of the homosexual lifestyle would occur first?

Identity comparison

Identity confusion

Identity acceptance

Identity synthesis

Identity confusion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

As a counselor, you refer Warren, a seriously depressed individual, for both psychotherapy and drug therapy. Regarding your recommendation, another counselor would advise Warren to

reject the psychotherapy as it is ineffective with serious depressions

accept both treatments as they seem to make independent contributions to the treatment of depression

accept one or the other treatment but not both, since using both would be redundant

reject the drug therapy because of the serious side effects associated with antidepressant drugs

accept both treatments as they seem to make independent contributions to the treatment of depression.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Remediation, treatment, and cognizant personality reconstruction are the focus points of

counseling groups

therapy groups

Remediation

Treatment

Cognizant personality reconstruction

therapy groups.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When Mike and Mary break up, Mary cries for days. She stops crying and feels happy once again when she tells herself that she is better off without Mike. Such action is an example of which defense mechanism?

Denial

Intellectualization

Rationalization

Identification

Rationalization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Since different types of groups encompass different basic principles, the phrase —”What happens in the group stays in the group”— would be considered to be an underlying assumption of

Universality

Professional care

confidentiality

Privileged communication

confidentiality

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, physiological needs are

the easiest needs to meet

the strongest needs.

the weakest needs to meet

the most difficult to meet

the strongest needs.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Leah‘s continued smoking of cigarettes even though she knows the health risks is, according to her, necessary for her to maintain her weight (and not gain). Which defense mechanism is Leah employing?

Denial

Rationalization

Substitution

Reaction formation

Rationalization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Propinquity, as it relates to sociology, is a concept demonstrated by

the feelings of acceptance one minority holds for another minority.

the reduction of racial prejudice when Caucasian Americans reside next to people from a minority group.

The tolerance of differences between differing minority groups

None of the Above

the reduction of racial prejudice when Caucasian Americans reside next to people from a minority group.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lori, a group member, saw herself as unlovable. She received feedback from other members indicating that they really cared for her. Now Lori is experiencing ____________________, defined as the gap created between her self-perception and the warm feelings generated in receiving the feedback.

Intrapsychic disunity

Social anchorage

the Hawthorne effect

cognitive dissonance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Horney developed all of the following concepts EXCEPT:

Neurotic needs

Adjustment patterns

Unfinished business

Feminine psychology

Unfinished business

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Brian is undergoing treatment for his fear of flying. His counselor is having him imagine fearful situations. The counselor coaches him and supplies much hype. Brian is experiencing

flooding

implosion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following answers represents the most important considerations on the part of a group leader regarding self-disclosure?

honesty and openness

timing and content

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is truly stated that confidentiality as it pertains to the group setting is

Something that members can be guaranteed

limited by state laws

A legal right of every member

An absolute that can never be broken for any reason

limited by state laws

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following answers most closely correlates with the number one cause of death for young people between the ages of 16 and 24?

Various forms of cancer

Homicide

Alcohol-related vehicular accidents

Suicide

Alcohol-related vehicular accidents

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The goal of psychoanalysis is to To repress conscious conflicts Uncover the significance behind dreams to bring unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness Discover problems from early childhood

to bring unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness.

Awareness of the psychological type of an individual, whether it is quiet and introverted or sociable and outgoing, would be a factor in Cognitive theory trait theory psychodynamic theory behavioral theory

trait theory.

The primary focus of Reality Therapy is self-actualization Essential being responsibility Acuity

responsibility

Jungian analysis portrays personality development as most defining in early childhood middle adulthood

middle adulthood

Which of the following is a competency skill for a support group leader? Ability to lead a workshop on the issue Experience with group process Teaching small groups Experience with an addiction

Experience with group process

A child reaches for a hot stove and is burned slightly. The child now associates the stove with the pain of being burned, so the child avoids the stove to avoid the burn. As time goes on and the child is able to keep from being burned, behavior to avoid the stove increases. In this scenario, the action of touching a hot stove and being burned is an example of classical conditioning operant conditioning Learned helplessness Drive-reduction theory

operant conditioning

A counselor who uses psychodrama would consider which of the following statements to be true? Unless a problem is solved, the psychodrama is a failure Members of the group can benefit in vicarious ways by observing the work of others. Members of the group can profit only if they are directly involved in reenacting an event Members will change their behavior only if they develop a contract that specifies homework assignments

Members of the group can benefit in vicarious ways by observing the work of others.

John's counselor notices that he prefers direct eye contact for speaking, has demonstrative behavior, speaks loyally of family, has flexible orientation to time, remains silent with confrontation and deals directly with issues. He is most characteristic of which minority group? Asian Americans Black Americans

Black Americans

In behavioral theory, emphasis is on the Environmental effect on past overt behavior environmental effect on present, overt behavior Environmental effect on present, covert behavior Environmental effect on past behavior

environmental effect on present, overt behavior

The ABC's of REBT were developed by Glasser Albert Ellis.

Albert Ellis.

Transactions are a series of stimulus-response connections between two individuals' ego states. The best described purpose of transactions is for ego equilibrium strokes Game playing Introjection

strokes

Which of the following best describes a deterministic theory where freedom is limited by unconscious elements? Psychoanalytic Humanistic theory Behavioral theory Experiential theory

Psychoanalytic

The period of transition and growth according to Yalom‘s group stages occurs in the Orientation Stage cohesiveness stage Conflict Stage Termination Stage

cohesiveness stage

Jung spoke of life in terms of polarities. When he spoke of introversion-extroversion, Jung was referring to thinking autonomously vs. socially turning inwardly or outwardly for energy/pleasure Introversion Extraversion

turning inwardly or outwardly for energy/pleasure.

A counselor who assesses her clients through a/an ___________________ view believes that the environment should change to fit the client. Autoplastic alloplastic Conformity Life span

alloplastic

Psychoanalysis is a theory of personality as well as a form of therapy. The person who developed this theory is Erickson Freud Harry Stack Sullivan Jean Piaget

Freud

The demonstration of which of the following skills helps members devise alternative courses of thinking and action? Supporting Suggesting Termination Giving feedback

Suggesting

Jane is a single-parent mother with two teenage children. Two years ago she asked two divorced women to live with her family. Then, just last year, Jane remodeled the garage to enable a single women with a new baby to move in also. Which of the following answers correctly describes this household? Shared Supplemental Non-family Augmented

Supplemental

Famous behaviorists include all of the following EXCEPT: E.L. Thorndike Gordon Allport Ivan Pavlov John Watson

Gordon Allport

The Martins have come to you for family therapy. They have lived in the area for eight years and are active in church and neighborhood activities. David is a hard working, loving father and husband. Mary is everything a wife and mother should be. Paul is busy being a typical, happy third grader. They all agree that sixth-grade Sherry is not happy. Sherry is the IP: the family member who

is labeled by the family as the one with the problem.

During an initial interview with a new client, Matt looks for discrepancies in the individual‘s verbal and nonverbal cues. The communication skill most descriptive of Matt‘s behavior is Attending observing Encouraging Formulating

observing

Essential factors for growth in the person-centered therapeutic process are not the specific methods and techniques but the motivation and drive of the client supportive relationship and climate of the process. Unconditional positive regard Empathy

supportive relationship and climate of the process.

The term that best describes a person's life plan as it is played out in everyday living patterns as transactions is Ritual script Racket Operation

script

In the classic research by Ivan Pavlov on the conditioned reflex in dogs, he presents food to a dog and the dog salivates. He then presents a tone just before the food, and the dog once again salivates. After repeated pairings of the tone and food, the dog salivates at the sound of the tone without the food being presented. In this study, the salivation that occurred with the tone only is a

conditioned response

Emily, a 35-year-old professional, is dealing with work-related stress and burnout. What treatment approach is most appropriate for Emily?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy to develop coping skills

Jolie has been seeing you weekly for counseling for two years. During the time Jolie has shown marked improvement in terms of depression and ineffective decision-making. Case notes for the last six months reflect a pattern of Jolie updating you on her work and dating relationships. Then, the two of you discuss various decisions, actions that she is considering. Jolie signals no intent to terminate counseling. In terms of the issue of termination, Jolie‘s case suggests Treating the client benignly client dependence Countertransference in the form of mirroring

client dependence

Matthew, a 55-year-old man, is diagnosed with major depressive disorder and struggles with low energy and anhedonia. What is a key component of his treatment plan?

Administering antidepressant medication

Daniel, a 32-year-old man, is struggling with alcohol addiction. What is a primary focus in his treatment plan?

Immediate detoxification

What is the role of the client in the treatment planning process?

To collaborate with the therapist in setting goals and selecting interventions.

Building a relationship, assessing reason for counseling, setting goals, identifying interventions, and preparing client for termination and follow-up are stages of counseling according to Ivey Cormier and Hackney Egan Corny

Cormier and Hackney.

Lisa, a 30-year-old woman, presents with symptoms of bulimia nervosa. What should be an initial step in her treatment plan? Identifying and challenging distorted thoughts about body image. Administering medication to reduce binge-purge cycles.

Identifying and challenging distorted thoughts about body image.

As clients seek counseling for their many and varied reasons, they make their choices between individual and group counseling as well. One particular advantage of using group counseling versus individual counseling is Less paperwork cheaper in time and money for the client. Session time is longer Insurance companies are more apt to pay

cheaper in time and money for the client.

Lloyd has come to you for vocational counseling. You discuss with him your probable use of which of the following instruments for such clients? WAIS-III (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - 3rd Edition) General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) Primary Mental Abilities Test Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale - 5th Edition

General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB)

Which of the following terms defines the leader‘s attempt to prepare members to assimilate, integrate, and apply in-group learning to everyday life? Modeling Terminating Initiating Signifying

Terminating

Jan is married to a 38-year-old man who has just recently been promoted to a prominent national position within an international corporation. She explains to her group that she wants her marriage to work but that she is unhappy. In which of the following stages will the focus in Jan‘s group be on applying what she has learned in the group and putting it to use in her everyday life?

Consolidation

David, a 28-year-old man, is experiencing severe social anxiety, making it challenging for him to maintain employment. What should be a priority in his treatment plan? Medication to reduce anxiety symptoms. Cognitive restructuring to challenge irrational thoughts.

Cognitive restructuring to challenge irrational thoughts.

According to Tiedeman, which of the following answers is the term used to encompass the steps of exploration, crystallization, choice, and clarification? Formalization Preoccupation Accommodation Recognition

Preoccupation

Stages of the counseling process that include (1) identification and clarification of problems and opportunities, (2) setting goals, and (3) acting to achieve the goals are part of whose systematic model?

Egan

Jessie, a 55-year-old widow, is exploring the basis of her depression. She asks you the question, "Why would God do this to me. I‘ve always tried to be a good Christian?" In an attempt to integrate spirituality into your practice, you respond, "Perhaps I can help you reconnect with God so you won‘t feel as alone." "This is a big question that you ask. It seems hard to know what these powerful life events mean." "I know it's hard not to be angry with God. But do you think he would do this to you?" "If you were God, would you create depression?"

"This is a big question that you ask. It seems hard to know what these powerful life events mean."

Identifying problems, setting goals, and acting to reach those goals are stages of counseling according to Rogers' Person-Centered Therapy Gerald Egan Ivey's Developmental Counseling and Therapy Cormier and Hackney's Client-Centered Therapy for Adolescents

Gerald Egan

Which state was the first state to license counselors?

Virginia

Which of the following would best describe the role of a school counselor in group guidance Special teacher Psychological education Group therapist Problem-oriented group counselor

Psychological education

The belief that environmental factors greatly influence the development of personality, can best be described by which theoretical perspective? Trait Socio-cultural Psychodynamic perspective Cognitive perspective

Socio-cultural

Parten‘s six categories of social play refer to play with little or no rules but interactive as

associative play.

Regarding Cattell‘s Culture Fair Intelligence Test, which of the following is NOT true?

Black children of low socioeconomic level did much better on this test than they did on the Stanford-Binet.

Ruby is the parent of a disruptive nine-year-old. She is in a treatment program that focuses on using parents as change agents. This kind of program Used primarily with parents who have had their children removed from them focuses on helping parents understand the child‘s behavior disorder. Has not been found to be successful Is helpful, but is usually not important since children's problems are not related to family interactions

focuses on helping parents understand the child‘s behavior disorder.

This man first used the term mental test in his 1890 publication. Wilhelm Wundt James M. Cattell Charles W. Elliott Frank Parsons

James M. Cattell

Which of the following usually exclusively integrates various assessment tools? Clinicians in individual private practices A school counselor in a junior high school A social worker within a hospital setting A psychiatrist within a clinic setting

A school counselor in a junior high school

Which of the following has a high likelihood of being involved in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions? Medication High levels of partner participation Techniques designed to uncover repressed memories in the unconscious Indirect methods designed to approach the dysfunction in a nonconfrontive manner

High levels of partner participation

The term that best describes cognitive impairment with no recognition of objects but with intact sensory functioning is agnosia aphasia Delirium Apraxia

agnosia

This man administered the first group intelligence test. James Cattell Robert M. Yerkes Alfred Binet George A. Merrill

Robert M. Yerkes

Which of the following answers most closely describes the belief that change occurs in an orderly, building-block process? Continuation Continuity Fluctuation Maintenance

Continuity

The process of grasping the deeper meanings of problems, being open-minded regarding varying approaches/perspectives, and practicing reflective thinking as opposed to accepting statements at face value is called Heuristics Critical Thinking Cognitive Monitoring Metacognitive Knowledge

critical thinking

One definition of growth is that growth is physical changes that result from experience. are primarily quantitative. is the total process of human adaptation dependent primarily upon the child's environment

are primarily quantitative.

Client: I am about to lose my job and I won‘t be able to pay my bills. I don‘t know if I can stand it or not. Counselor: Your job has been good for you hasn‘t it? Client: Well, uh, I guess I‘ll really miss this job more than just the money. Counselor: I would feel the same way. In terms of Carkhuff‘s 5-point Scale for Assessing Facilitative Interpersonal Counseling, how would you rate the above counselor‘s response? 1 point 3 points 5 points 4 points

1 point

Which of the following is NOT an attitude of a healthy couple? People are basically neutral. Perceptions are infallible.

Perceptions are infallible.

The examination of the skull would be germane to Monism phrenology Interactionism Philosophy

phrenology

Dysfunction in social organization is considered by many to have great influence upon the individual. Some theorists believe that abnormal, individual behavior is directly connected to social psychopathology. Concepts considered by many to be relevant to social disorganization include all of the following EXCEPT: Unilateral interpretations Behavioral sink

Unilateral interpretations

Which of the following theorists provided the theory of tabula rasa? John LaRock John Locke P.H. Mussen Richard Louv

John Locke

In the person-centered group process, the initial stage is known as milling around basic encounter

milling around.

What could be accurately said about the use of assessment by psychological testing when it is compared to medical assessment? It is more dependent on laboratory findings It is irrelevant It is an ongoing process that proceeds along with treatment efforts. It is more precise

It is an ongoing process that proceeds along with treatment efforts.

Which of the following theorists believed that boundaries are inconspicuous emotional demarcations that both protect and enhance the integrity of a system? Satir Gregory Bateson Salvador Minuchin Michael Nichols

Minuchin

Reality therapy regards goals as unimportant Left to the cognitive-behavior domain in the hands of the client In the hands of the therapist

in the hands of the client.

Kitchener defines justice as Promoting self-determination in others treating others fairly and without discrimination Serving others with well-meaning intentions Not taking advantage of or harming others

treating others fairly and without discrimination

Problematic questioning is key to the counseling methods of Rogers Ivey Cormier Berne

Ivey

Holmes and Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to measure stress according to rank-ordered stressful life events. Point values are assigned to the events and

the higher the score within a two year period the greater the risk

Carlos was hit in the head by a line drive in a baseball game and rendered unconscious. He can expect to

pass through stages of stupor and confusion prior to recovering clear consciousness

What term describes the cultural messages that either empower or subjugate a person? Dominant reality Dominate discourse Dominate language Dominant story

Dominate discourse

What is a boy experiencing when he is looking in a funhouse mirror and sees himself as distorted and misshapen? A visual hallucination An illusion

An illusion

Which of the following theorists believed that boundaries determine the amount of contact between members within a system and between systems? Salvador Minuchin Michael Nichols Gregory Bateson Jay Haley

Minuchin

Maslow, Carkhuff, Rogers, and others have assembled lists of those attributes they feel are necessary for the counselor‘s self to be effective and in proper operating condition. Which quality below is NOT one of these? Self-confidence Flexibility Decisiveness Honesty

Decisiveness

Which of the following places would you look if you wanted to find precise guidelines for writing a professional paper that you wish to publish? Licensed Professional Counselor Act Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Methods in the Laboratory by Morril Make Your Research Talk by Willey

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

You have been asked to counsel a man who has been unemployed for over a year. He has recently had several interviews which have gone well until he was asked to tell how he had spent the last year and what he had achieved in that timeframe. He would then begin to blush and stammer. You help him script several positive responses to such questions and he rehearses them with you until he feels successful and confident. You assume that the man will interview more successfully in the future. Your assumption is based on the principle of mnemonics transfer of learning Interactionism Classical conditioning

transfer of learning

Research regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy indicates that generally Emotionally disturbed individuals do not improve in time without psychotherapy about 80 percent of individuals who receive therapy experience significant improvement The largest gains in therapy come after the client has been in therapy for over one year Eysenck's initial view that psychotherapy is no better than being placed on a waiting list has been confirmed

about 80 percent of individuals who receive therapy experience significant improvement

Meta-analysis is a term used in research that refers to producing many studies before deciding an outcome Using small numbers of subjects from many clusters in a study Using extremely large numbers of subjects in an analytical study statistically combining the results of numerous studies

statistically combining the results of numerous studies

In an attempt to prompt clients to unravel neurotic patterns of behavior, which of the following answers correctly encompasses the concepts of reiteration of interpretations and the conquering of resistance? Transference Working through Symbiosis Countertransference

Working through

Which of the following answers correctly contains theorists of the brief solution oriented therapy model? Berg, Burgess, O‘Hanlon deShazer, Berg, O‘Hanlon Weiner-Davis, Carter-McGoldrick, Papp deShazer, Fisch, Liberman

Steve deShazer, Insoo Kim Berg, Bill O‘Hanlon

When John applies to a substance abuse clinic for a job, he is asked for his credentials. The state in which he lives has issued him a credential that verifies his training and education. In all probability, this credential is a letter that acknowledges his education in advanced substance abuse clinical work Letter of approval as a substance abuse counselor license Certificate

license

Theories of motivation include Androgyny Confusion Discrimination hierarchy of needs.

hierarchy of needs.

According to Kohlberg, at which of the following stages do the statements of "good girl" or "good boy" apply? Obedience and Punishment Orientation Interpersonal Concordance Orientation Instrumental Relativist Orientation Democratically Accepted Law and Punishment Orientation

Interpersonal Concordance Orientation

Which of the following answers correctly gives Gilligan‘s level at which children are preoccupied with their own needs? Orientation to individualism Orientation to individual survival Orientation to Goodness as Self-Sacrifice Orientation to Maintaining the Network of Relationships

Orientation to individual survival

A pregnant woman enjoys two alcoholic drinks when celebrating her anniversary. The alcohol is an example of A critical period Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) A neutralizing chemical a teratogen

a teratogen

The concept of organizing people along a continuum of psychological separation of intellect and emotions is called mark of distinction differentiation of the self Dialectic metatheory Deviation amplification

differentiation of the self.

The developmental theory that is known as the multiple approach, considered the most comprehensive of developmental theories, emphasizes self-concept, and uses a life-stage model for career transition was developed by Robert Havighurst Donald Super John Holland Ann Roe

Donald Super

The theory that job satisfaction and work adjustment result from correspondence between individual and environment is attributed to Krumboltz Dawis and Lofquist Robert Hoppock Holland

Dawis and Lofquist

Which of the following is NOT considered a paradoxical directive from the strategic model? Paradoxical directives Restraining changes Devil's pact Ordeals

Devil's pact

According to Holland's personality theory, a realistic personal orientation would best be described by which personal style? Intellectual people are interested in ideas and concepts Concrete Conservative people are traditional and cautious. Sociable people are outgoing and enjoy interacting with others.

Concrete

According to Freud‘s theory, the eventual resolution of the Oedipus complex signals the transition between what two stages of psychosexual development? Oral and Genital Phallic and Latency

Phallic and Latency

In Harlow's famous study of the effects of maternal deprivation with infant monkeys, he found which of the following to be true? Need for food took priority over contact comfort. Contact comfort took priority over need for food. Nourishment took priority over the wire monkey Attachment could not occur when the infant monkey was hungry

Contact comfort took priority over need for food.

Which are the correct order of phases of development theorized by the psychodynamic family model? Differentiation, Rapprochement, Practicing, Object relations constancy Differentiation, Practicing, Rapprochement, Object relations constancy

Differentiation, Practicing, Rapprochement, Object relations constancy

Krumboltz identified several types of problems that can arise from faulty self-observation, generalizations, or inaccurate interpretation of environmental conditions. All of the following are examples of such a problem EXCEPT:

Persons may adopt inappropriate solutions because of a lack of personality integration.

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic concepts of Human Capital Theory? The primary economic theory related to career development An answer to the cognitive vulnerability of decision-making An endorsement of trait and factor theory A short-term career solution aid

An answer to the cognitive vulnerability of decision-making

Operant conditioning is associated with which of the following concepts? Pavlov Reinforcer respondent elicit

Reinforcer

Which of the following answers correctly gives the term that represents the sensation Freud associated with four of his five stages?

Pleasure

Which of the following is an important goal in the Cognitive Behavioral family model?

Facilitate growth through enhanced communication

Which of the following answers correctly defines the family type that is typified by family members being emotionally cut off from other family members? Disengaged

Disengaged

Regarding individuals who attempt suicide, these persons probably have been tenuously adjusted for some time.

have been tenuously adjusted for some time.

Which of the following answers correctly defines the family type that is typified by family members having extreme feelings of loyalty toward the family? Expressive families Enmeshed Enriched families Energized

Enmeshed

Dimensions of life style orientation include all of the following EXCEPT: Educational levels and financial independence Involvement in community activities and opportunities for leisure Work done after hours by managers. Leadership at work

Work done after hours by managers.

The Smith family has a meeting, and members decide to switch their chore responsibilities for a much needed change in routine. Such a change within family structure is called Calibration first-order change An amplifying loop Second-order change

first-order change

Which of the following may occur during middle adulthood Pervasive lack of intolerance Presbyopia

Presbyopia

Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that carry impulses from one neuron to another. Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter? norepinephrine Endocrine dopamine

Endocrine

Careers are chosen upon what basis, according to Holland? Variable reliabilities Personalities

Personalities

Which of the following answers represents the most likely cause of Down's Syndrome Improper genetic counterconditioning of the bio-psycho-social environment Improper chromosomal division during gestation resulting in an extra chromosome A genetic defect in the reticular activating system

Improper chromosomal division during gestation resulting in an extra chromosome

Theories of motivation include

instinct and drive-reduction

Erikson‘s theory attributes development to a/an ________ stemming from a person's need to adapt to his or her ________ environment. want; external conflict; social

conflict; social

Which of the following is NOT a computerized career guidance system? Discover GIS (Geographic Information System) SIGI (System of Interactive Guidance and Information) Recovery

Recovery

When children between the ages of 8 and 12 months react to strangers by manifesting signs of fear such as crying or clinging to their parents, this reaction is recognized as avoidant disorder of childhood stranger anxiety Startle reflex Infant autism

stranger anxiety

Jerry‘s family is a high income family consisting of his father, Bill; his mother, Susan; and two twin younger sisters, Janette and Keri. Jerry is 17 and is 7 years older than his sisters. Recently, though its been going on for long time, his parents have been arguing over how Bill is spending (wasting according to Susan) significant dollars on lottery tickets. Jerry has begun to stay away from home more and more to avoid the fighting. His father, though, sees Jerry‘s staying out late as very poor decision making and is continually riding Jerry to come home earlier. Soon after Bill begins this, Susan joins in the attempt to get Jerry to act responsibly. Soon, Bill and Susan are no longer fighting over Bill‘s expenditures on lottery tickets. When this family finally decides to seek therapy because of Jerry‘s behavior, which of the following answers most correctly states the type of thinking a systems oriented therapist would use? Inter-disconnected causality Circular causality Linear causality Directive causality

Circular causality

Which of the following may occur during middle adulthood? Pervasive lack of intolerance Gradual decline in physical ability Clarity of intermediate ocular vision

Gradual decline in physical ability

Which of the following computer-assisted career guidance systems would be the best choice for comparing an individual‘s values with occupations if the individual is 60 years old? DISCOVER SIGI DISCOVER-II SIGI PLUS

SIGI PLUS

Super's work has made valuable contributions to the career development field. One of these important contributions has been discovering the effects of social institutions on career development. formulating vocational developmental stages. Applying psychoanalytic theory to career choice Applying learning theory to career choice

formulating vocational developmental stages.

The basis for family systems operations are self-governing rules that are formed when the family members get together to establish behavioral guidelines when the first triad develops

when the first triad develops

The majority of people who attempt suicide use methods that are extremely lethal. have only a temporary desire to kill themselves, even if they really wish to die do not provide any warning of their intent. have a terminal illness

have only a temporary desire to kill themselves, even if they really wish to die

Which of the following terms is used by family therapists to characterize family systems with diffuse and unclear boundaries between members? Enmeshed Sublimation Flexible Disengaged

Enmeshed

Erikson believed that an infant should learn which of the following during the first year of life?

Trust

Which of the following is a career inventory based on Jung's topologies? Kuder Preference Record (KPR) Myers-Briggs The Strong Interest Inventory (SII) The Campbell Interest Inventory (CII)

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

In addition to mapping and enactments, structural family therapists practice thinking through and providing a different, varying interpretation of explanations by clients. This is called practicing the art of Sculpting reframing Structuring Delineating

reframing

Ginzberg, et.al. as developmental theorists, identified three periods in the career development process as fantasy, exploration, revision fantasy, tentative, realistic Exploration, Decision, Revision Confusion, Awareness, Focused

fantasy, tentative, realistic

During which of the following stages of adult development, according to Havighurst, would an individual start needing to learn to adapt to physical changes? Later Maturity Middle Adulthood

Middle Adulthood

Immediate gratification of impulses is to Freud's _________ stage of psychosexual development as the Oedipus complex is to his ________ stage. oral; genital oral; phallic

oral; phallic

Cabral and Salomone contend that in accident theory the effect of chance or career decisions includes all of the following EXCEPT: Career decisions are rarely purely rational Chance modifies the individual's ability to use cognitive methods to modify his or her career path.

Chance modifies the individual's ability to use cognitive methods to modify his or her career path.

Roe's classification of occupations includes service, managerial, education, health, technological, scientific, research, artistic service, business contact, cultural, technology, outdoors, scientific, organizations, arts and entertainment

service, business contact, cultural, technology, outdoors, scientific, organizations, arts and entertainment

Which of the following answers most accurately describes the behavioral oriented model based on Thorndike's work?

Operant conditioning

The theorist who emphasizes self-concept to match self to occupation (vocational self-concept) and to integrate life style with stages of development is Holland Super

Super

A reliability coefficient falls between -1.00 - +10.00 0.0 - +1.0 0.00 - -1.00 -1.00 - +10.00

0.0 - +1.0.

When a test is advertised as supporting IDEA, it means that it supports testing using Individual Distribution Evaluation Assessment. It is funded by the Individuals with Educational Act It meets assessment requirements of Public Law 94-142. It is recommended by the Independent Department of Education

it meets assessment requirements of Public Law 94-142.

It is generally true that individuals with delusional disorders, in addition to their delusions suffer from auditory hallucinations. often appear perfectly normal. Have an unkempt and disheveled appearance Are severely depressed

often appear perfectly normal.

Which of the following answers is the correct range of a Correlation Coefficient? .10 to +1.10 +1.00 to -1.00 +1.0 to +2.0 0.0 to +1.0

+1.00 to -1.00

Matthew has grown up in "tornado alley." Through the years, two tornadoes have come through his neighborhood and produced a trauma in his life. Even though it is severe, the trauma lasts usually three to four weeks and is therefore considered to be short lived. If this happens again, Matthew will probably be diagnosed as having Brief reactive psychosis Acute stress disorder Adjustment disorder with anxiety Hallucinations

acute stress disorder.

Assessment measures that are most useful for matching employee interests to the norms of people who are successful in similar positions are called Aptitude tests Interest inventories Personality inventories Achievement tests

Interest inventories

Which of the following scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) describes a person with unusual thoughts as well as peculiar bodily dysfunction? (Sc - Scale 8) schizotypal/unconventional behaviors (Pd - Scale 4) Psychopathic Deviate (Scale 2 D) depression-related symptoms (Scale 3 Hy) histrionic/attention-seeking behaviors

Psychopathic Deviate (Pd - Scale 4)

When test scores are referenced only as "pass" or "fail," the test is most likely a norm-referenced test criterion-referenced test Power test Speed test

criterion-referenced test.

Which of the following scales on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) describes a person with excessive bodily complaints, fatigue, or weakness? Psychasthenia (Pt - Scale 7) Hypochondriasis (Hs - Scale 1) Social Introversion (Si - Scale 0) Hysteria (Hy - Scale 3)

Hs - Scale 1

Schizophrenics with ____________ experience motor symptoms ranging from exited agitation to immobility. Catatonia Paranoia Excited Agitation Immobility

Catatonia

The Personality Research Form (PRF) is based on The occupational criteria established by the U.S. Employment Service Cattell‘s factor analysis. Murray‘s manifest needs system The 18 scales of the CPI

Murray‘s manifest needs system.

Which of the following criticisms of testing could be answered by more careful training of testers and stricter requirements for the purchase of test materials? Tests are unfair to minority groups Tests promote a narrow and rigid classification of people. Test results are misinterpreted and misused. Tests are often useless predictors of behavior

Test results are misinterpreted and misused.

To effectively determine the validity of a test a three category framework should be used and all three of the following taken into account EXCEPT: Criterion validity Construct validity Comprehensive validity Content validity

Comprehensive validity

The popularity of this test was greatly increased because it used the term "intelligence quotient." ACT test Otis test Stanford-Binet Army Alpha test

Stanford-Binet

Gloria is a 41-year-old mother of two and a part-time tax accountant. After interviewing her, you conclude that she is symptomatic of having a dependent personality disorder because she

was afraid to be alone.

Which of the following scales of the MMPI-2 measures suspiciousness, complaints of persecution, and being easily hurt? Hypomania (Ma - Scale 9) Psychasthenia (Pt - Scale 7) Paranoid tendencies (Pa - Scale 6) Psychopathic Deviate (Pd - Scale 4)

Pa - Scale 6

Symptoms that include abnormal, irritated mood for 4 days, less need for sleep, inability to focus, grandiose ideas, change in functioning, but no marked impairment might signal which mood episode? Mixed episode Major depressive episode Manic episode Hypomanic episode

Hypomanic episode

Which of the following assessment tools is particularly constructed with the individual in mind who is seeking a career that does not require a college degree or advanced technical training? Kuder Preference Record (KPR) Self-Directed Search (SDS) Jackson Vocational Interest Survey (JVIS) Career Assessment Inventory (CAI)

Career Assessment Inventory

If individuals who scored high on an academic ability test also did well in school, we could say the academic ability test had what kind of validity? Face Concurrent Content Validity Predictive Validity

Concurrent

The law that mandates all children ages 3+ be identified and evaluated if suspected of a mental or physical disability is Family Educational Rights to Privacy Act (FERPA) Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEO) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

On a standardized test, a group of students achieved the following raw scores 44, 46, 47, 39, 45, 57, 37, 46, and 65. Which of the following answers most closely represents the modal score? 45 46 47 44.5

Researcher Y is concerned that unanticipated outcomes might result from the administration of his experimental treatment. He assigns multiple persons to observe and rate the effect of his treatment. Researcher Y is attempting to control for ___________. Multiple Treatment Interference The experimenter effect The Hawthorne Effect The Novelty Effect

the experimenter effect

In an experiment designed to determine whether sixth-grade middle-class girls perform better than sixth-grade middle-class boys on tests of language ability, the dependent variable is each child's social class performance on the language test. Each child's gender Grade level in school

performance on the language test.

Professional organizations are non-profit and voluntarily joined and do all of the following EXCEPT: Enhance public recognition of the efforts of the profession Promote excellence in practice Assist in the maintenance of professional skills Protect only the professional in private practice.

Protect only the professional in private practice.

A standardized test administered to 20 subjects yielded a mean of 50, a standard deviation of 2, and a range of 6. Based on this information, which of the following is most accurate? The variability is high. The scores gather close to the mean.

The scores gather close to the mean.

Crisis intervention is ________________, not _____________. Client-centered; Directive Psychotherapy; Brief therapy Support; Psychotherapy Reality-based; Theoretical

support; psychotherapy

Carkhuff and Egan's HRD model was based on Quasi-experimental research Process research Correlational research. The Solomon

correlational research.

Which of the following statements would most likely be spoken by a narrative supervisor? When you are with this client, what kinds of things do you say to yourself? In what ways are you treating the client like everyone else in the client's family? How does this client help you reflect on your development as a counselor? Who does the client remind you of?

How does this client help you reflect on your development as a counselor?

Researcher A is doing a study to determine whether or not there is a correlation between the age of students who attend counseling oriented programs and those who attend therapy oriented programs. She has a well designed study. She sets her level of significance at .01. Researcher B is conducting a study to determine if there is a correlation between parents‘ degree of education and their variation in disciplinary techniques. She has a well designed study and sets her level of significance at .05. Which of the following answers most closely corresponds with a correct statement? Theoretically, researcher B's results will be more significant than Researcher A's Theoretically, researcher A is less likely to make a Type I error. Theoretically, researcher B will have a wider range of scores than will Researcher A. Theoretically, researcher B will reach significance first

Theoretically, researcher B will have a wider range of scores than will Researcher A.

A group of 30 non-assertive adolescent girls was divided in half at random. Fifteen received group counseling to learn assertiveness skills and 15 received individual counseling. At the end of the study, the average levels of assertiveness and average gains in number of assertive responses were determined for each group. Identify the independent variable(s) in this study. Non-assertiveness and assertiveness Group counseling and individual counseling

Group counseling and individual counseling

The ethical standards of any professional group are meant to Regulate intergroup (professional to professional) behavior. Avoid governmental regulation. Protect professionals against lawsuits. Protect the public.

protect the public.

A researcher conducted a study to determine the rate of success that counselors had in 2003 in receiving third-party payments for client insurance companies. Data was gathered regarding number of billings, rejections and acceptances of claims, and use of provider numbers. The researcher used the table of random numbers to identify a sample of 100 NCCs from a list of private practitioners and conducted telephone interviews with the 100 subjects followed up by a written questionnaire. This type of research is Experimental Quasi-experimental Descriptive Correlational

descriptive

The scatterplot is a graphic description of Frequency distribution. Correlation Standard deviation Stanine

correlation

One of the major differences between crisis intervention and traditional psychotherapy is Treatment is reality-based Treatment is based on early childhood problems Treatment focuses on addressing a specific issue and attempting to help clients resolve that concern. Treatment is theoretically based

treatment focuses on addressing a specific issue and attempting to help clients resolve that concern.

Both mandatory and aspirational ethics are included in the ACA ethics code. The mandatory ethics section is known as Ethical Principles Standards of Practice Ethical Rules Code of Conduct

Standards of Practice

Which type of research attempts to explain behavior in terms of cause and effect relationships Causal Correlational Experimental Descriptive

Experimental

The court case ruling that set the national standard for balancing a counselor‘s duty to clients with the duty for social welfare when the counselor predicts potential violence is likely to occur from the client toward some individual/s is known as Bradley Tarasoff Jaffee Brown

Tarasoff

Which of the following answers best describes the distribution represented by the following scores? 23, 18, 48, 50, 15, 60, 19, 71, 66, 65 Bimodal distribution An inverted distribution Negatively skewed Positively skewed

Negatively skewed

When counselors work with emotional infrastructures, release of feelings, and anteing up within families, they are most likely using principles from Psychodynamic Approach Structural Theory Approach An experiential/humanistic approach. Communications Theory Approach

an experiential/humanistic approach.

The stages of becoming a multiculturally sensitive therapist involve all of the following EXCEPT Heightened awareness of culture Unawareness of cultural issues Movement away from cultural sensitivity Burden of considering culture

Movement away from cultural sensitivity

Okun's human relations counseling model describes the most basic element of a helping relationship as being Communication Empathy

communication

Counselors and clients sit and stand closer together when they consider themselves to be similar, i.e. having similar factors in terms of such things as social status, age, general appearance, etc. Research in proxemics also shows that an initial negative, distancing reaction is caused when a counselor leans (upper body) forward and the client is Depressed and crying Much shorter than the counselor. A different race from the counselor Less intelligent than the counselor

a different race from the counselor

Effective counselors, according to Cormier and Hackney, have certain qualities that include all of the following EXCEPT: Competent appearance and behavior Interpersonal attractiveness as perceived by clients None of the Above Sensitivity to self and others

None of the Above

Joan‘s realness and congruence is counseling clients is best described as Understanding the client's world Genuineness Empathy Unconditional positive regard

genuineness

Jill was seeing an older female client concerning issues of loss. During the course of therapy, Jill became aware of her need for the client‘s approval. What term describes this projection by the therapist? Idealization Transference Counter transference Identification

Counter transference

The number one factor in determining a minority is Degree of oppression. Acculturation Ethnic dissonance Skin color

degree of oppression.

Which of the following responses would NOT be a key principle of Transactional Analysis (TA) groups? Karpman Triangle Empathy Choices Ego state

Empathy

As Sue researched the general patterns exhibited in minority clients, he found that counselors who lack sensitivity to the needs of minority clients tend to Discourage minority clients from entering vocational programs in high school Provide more encouragement to their minority clients Discourage minority clients from furthering their education by applying to college. Extend the counseling relationship longer than is necessary or helpful

discourage minority clients from furthering their education by applying to college.

The best description of the therapist's role in transactional analysis is Anonymous, Observing, Qualifier Child, Parent, Adult Challenging, confronting, equalizing. Nurturer, teacher, supporter, friend

nurturer, teacher, supporter, friend

The later writings of Carl Rogers reveal his belief that the most important of the therapist attributes is Unconditional positive regard Accurate empathy Congruence or genuineness. Immediacy

congruence or genuineness.

A lack of counselor self-awareness can lead to what hazard for the counselor? Counselor becomes a nurturer Unrecognized cultural influences Working on his/her own issues Identification with the client

Working on his/her own issues