Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NBME's > NBME 9 > Flashcards

NBME 9 Flashcards

1
Q

s/p transplant MRI shows mass: biopsy shows: proliferation of monocolonal B lymphocytes

A

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)
in transplant pts on high doses of immunosuppressives

EBV reactivation of virus that evaded T lymphocytes (usually causes mononucleoisis)
tx: decrease immunosuppressives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bone pain, anemia, hypercalcemia, kidney dysfunction, and lytic bone lesions

A

Multiple Myeloma
**Monoclonal B-lymphocytes **
B-lymphocytes are precursors to plasma cells: neoplastic proliferation of single plasma cells clone: –monoclonal immunoglobulin spike on protein electrophoresis Gamma– M-protein spike
diagnosis confirmed: Bone marrow biopsy with at least 10% plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 weeks of jaundice hepatosplenomegaly, hematocrit 20% and reticulocyte 10%

A

increased: Biliverdin, Indirect Bili, LDH, reticulocytes
hemolysis occuring
either intravascular: release of free hemoglobin into circulation
or
extravascular: within spleen adn reticuloendothelial system through macrophages

erythrocyte turnover lysis:
free hemoglobin broken down –> iron and heme
heme broken down –> biliverdin and indirect bilirubin (increased)
also LDH inside erythrocytes so hemolysis –> increase lDH

hemolysis leads to anemia –> induces bone marrow to increase production of erythrocytes –> making more immature erythrocytes (reticulocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

torticollis (head tilted to the side and down), retrocollis (head tilted back), opisthotonos (arching of the back), and oculogyric crisis (deviation of the eyes)

A

Dystonia
D2 Antagonist: haloperidol, fluphenazine
dopaminergic-cholinergic pathways of the basal ganglia
– Risk factors for development include male sex, young age, recent cocaine use, and hx of previous dystonia.
tx: diphendyramine or benztropine: anticholinergics

should exclude neuroleptic malignant syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Specific phobia criteria:

A

more than 6 months
distress or social/occupational impairement
anxiety with exposure or anticipation of stimulus

tx: long term CBT
short term benzos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bipolar depression meds:

A

lamotrigine, quetiapine, lurasidone
lithium carbonate
If pt previously taking med – just restart them on previous meds (if they stopped for no reason)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

emotional !ability, disinhibition, sedation, slurred speech, and ataxia, normally reactive pupils
chronic: slow respirations, hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis

A

alcohol intoxication
malnutrtion
(also called ethanol)

tx: repleating vitamins and electrolytes, IV fluids, supportive

can lead to coma so intubation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

floppy baby
dx?

A

Botulism: NMJ clostridium botulinism
gram positive spore-forming obligate anaerobe
cleaves SNARE proteins preventing release of Acetylcholine
infants: raw honey, canned foods, pork, or SOIL DUST SPORES inhale

dx: reptitive nerve stimulation study electromyography (improves with stimulation
tx: immunoglobulin, supportive care, mechanical ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pt with afib has storke
what would prevent a stroke?

A

anticoagulation: WARFARIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

w/ recent use of antibiotics ear infection

A

candidiasis
diaper rash
red macerated thin plaques with satellite papules – vs dermatitis
oral: thick white plaques on the tongue or buccal mucosa that can be scraped off with a tongue blade

risk factor: recent use of antibitiocs

tx : topical nystatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

comedomal and papular acne
tx

A

first line: mild/mod acne
topical retinoid
apply over entire involved area to prevent new comedones instead of spot treatment on existing lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

septic arthritis

painful swollen right telbow with fever

A

STAPH AUERUES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

under age 16: joint pain
can also have: uveitis, lymphadenopathy, rash
positive ANA
negative RH

A

Juvenile rheumatoid(idiopathic) arthritis
oligoarticular disease: few than five joints (usually knee) + ANA positive
polyarticular: more than five joints (interphalangeal joints) + nevative ANA
UVIETITIS
so do slit lamb examination
tx; NSAIDS, methotrexate
uveitis: cataract surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tumor in metacarpals and fingers, painless
multiple in one extremity
multiple with soft tissue angiomas

A

enchodroma
Ollier disease
Maffucci syndrome

observation benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

spiculated lung lesion + fractured femur with radiolucent defect with focal breaching of cortex laterally

A

adenocarcinoma
metastasis (spiculation) to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

right groin pain, flexion and extension limited ROM, xray: lytic and sclerotic lesions of femoral head

A

osteonecrosis
avascular necrosis
painful degeneration
associted with alcohol use, fractures/dislocation, corticosteroids use, sickle cell disease, bisphophonates, gaucher disease

idiopathic osteonecrosis: Legg-calve perthes: children 4-10

gold standard dx: MRI
tx: surgery and PT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

chronic venous insufficiency
reddish-brown hyperpigmentation below the knee

A

post-phlebitic syndrome post-thrombotic syndrome
occurs usually after DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

new head, neck, mandibular angle mass
greater than 2 weeks
fixed mobility
firm texture
hx of prior cancer or immunocompromised

next step?

A

Fine needle aspiration to see if its cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

urethral hypermobility

A

cottin tipped applicator with greater than 30 degrees deviation

stress incontinece
Si also caused by urethrocele or cystocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

appendicitis symtpoms in pt who is prego
next step?

A

ex lap

usually would need to do CT but since shes prego you cant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

chronic dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia, and infertility
that are with the hormonal cycle
u/s homogenous internal echoes

A

Endometriosis
endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterus

Subsequent fibrosis can cause palpable nodularity of the posterior uterus and cul-de-sac along with fixation of the uterus to nearby structures making it immobile

gold-standard for the diagnosis of endometriosis is a diagnostic laparoscopy

vs leiomyomma myoma fibroids – will see solid mass on u/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

diabetic neuropathy foot ulcer

A

Screening for neuropathy is performed yearly using a monofilament test.

prevention: wear protetctive shoes when moving standing or walking (because they wont notice if they injure themselves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a metric of overall disease burden, which takes into account not only the years of life lost because of death but also the years of healthy life lost as a result of disability, thus incorporating morbidity and mortality into one metric.

A

disability-adjusted life years DALY

vs
Years of potential life lost (YPLL) would take into account the increased mortality rate that accompanied the change in legislation but not the impact of increased morbidity in nonlethal traumas.

motorcycle wearing helmet or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pap smear shows atypical glandular cells
next step?

A

colposcopy with endocervical curettage

also in age older than 35: endometrial biopsy recommended

Cytologic study of cells collected from the cervix is recommended every 3 years in women aged 21 to 29 years

every 5 years in conjunction with human papillomavirus co-testing (every 3 years if co- testing is not performed) in women aged 30 to 65 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on cytological study from cervix
next step?

A

cone biopsy of cervix

(can cause cervical stenosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

milky chest tube drainage with pleural effusion in newborn

A

chylothorax
d/t injurty to thoracic duct (trauma during delivery) allows chyle to add up in pleural space
or
congential: hydrops fetalis, downs, turners, noonan

tx: chest tube and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

2-4 weeks of diarrhea, bloating, weight loss after traveling abroad

A

giardia
ingestion of cysts in water – hand hygiene – untreated waer
usually self limited in 1-2 weeks
for more than that:
dx: stool culture, microscopy, stool antigen testing
tx: oral metronidazole or tinidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

immobile breast mass with spiculated margins and microcalicfication

A

invasive ductal cacrinoma
tumor staging with lympoh node involvement #1

Negative prognostic factors include age with both young and elderly patients having higher mortality, African American race, higher tumor stage (including nodal involvement and tumor size) or
histologic grade, and HER2 gene expression, whereas estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor expression are associated with
improved outcomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

BPH in pt with orthostatic hypotension

A

usually would give -osin alpha blocker
but since othrohypotension
only finasteride 5 alpha reductase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

hyperaldosteronism
next step

A

spironolactone

usually due to adrenal adenoma
or b/l adrenal hyperplasai\ia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pt with systemic scleroderma and has non healing ulcer on toe for over one month
next step?

A

since has scleroderma – wont let it heal properly – turns into osteomyelitis
next step: amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

migraine prophylaxis

A

lipophilic 13-adrenergic blocking drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier (eg, propranolol, metoprolol), antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and anticonvulsants such as topiramate or valproate.

aucte: triptans (serotonin 1b/1d agonist) and ergotamine but chornic use can cause migraines too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

proteinuria4+ + sickle cell disease, opioid abuse, and HIV infection,

A

FSGS
dx: must do renal biopsy
tx: steroids or immunomodulators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

yearly DM (glucose) testing for

A

ages 40-70 who are overweight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

SCID tx

A

bone marrow transplant

vs
agammaglobinemia (burtons) btk IVIG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

red streak tender from wrist to elbow

A

lymphangitis
A streptococci, Staphylococcusaureus, Pasteurella multocida, Bartone/la henselae, or Sporothrix schenckii
dx: microspocopy and culture swab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

sensorineural hearing loss + vertigo sxms
tx

A

meniere’s
pressure accumulation in endolymph of inner eat
triad: episodic vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus.
tx: lifestyle modificaitons: avoidance of salt, nicotine, alcohol, or stress
antihistaminic meds: meclizine promethazine for the vertigo and nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

15yo Boy with painful lump on right thigh
An x-ray of the right femur and knee shows evidence of bone destruction with irregular, ragged, radiolucent defects and new bone formation

A

osteosarcoma
primary bone cancer in children
cells with enlarged nuclei and a disorganized tissue structure that demonstrates areas of osteoid production (mineralized collagen that provides the structure of bone)

malignancy is locally destructive to bone and can erode through the cortex resulting in a periosteal reaction with elevation of the periosteum along with irregular, ragged borders and areas of disorganized osteogenesis as seen in this case.

metastasis usually to LUNGS

dx: imaging MRI and open biopsy of bone lesion
tx: surgical resection with chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

JVD that increases with inspiration

A

Kussmaul sign – constrictive pericarditits
better with leaning forward
tx: supportive with Colchicine + NSAIDS (ibuprofen)

40
Q

ruptured aortic aneurysm risk:

A

Smoking

41
Q

COPD managment

A

daily inhaled long acting bronchodilator (b-agonist: salmeterol or muscarinic antagonist: tiotropium)
and inhaled glucocorticoid fluticasone

supplemental oxygen to keep range of 88-92%
SABA/SAMA + abx + systemic corticosteroids

42
Q

umbilical hernia in children

A

spontaneous resoltion by age 3

if not: progressive enlargement of the umbilical ring
if older than 3, or defects > 1.5cm

43
Q

benzodiazepine overdose tx

A

flumazenil

44
Q

kidney stones
next step in dx

A

CT scan without contrast

u/s is less sensitive

if calcium oxalate: thiazide diuretics, a low-sodium diet, and supplementation with potassium citrate

lithiotripsy next step if larger

45
Q

postpartum pt with fever and uterine tenderness

A

endometritis
tx: IV antibiotics (clindamycin or gentamycin)

46
Q

diffuse macular rash
vs
diffuse petechial rash

A

toxic shock syndrome
vs
meningococcemia

47
Q

glioblastoma in adults: rim-enhancing, intra-axial masses commonly corss midline
mangtm:

A

stereotactic brain biopsy

48
Q

posterior circulation stroke (cerebral infarct)

A

vertebral arteriest
ipsilateral: cranial nerve dysfxn dysphagia, dysarthria
contralateral hemiparesis: corticospinal tract damage
contralateral impairement in pain and temp (spinothalamic)
or potential contralateral homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing
if lateral pons affected: horner syndrome: ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis

49
Q

bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation and motor function below the level of the lesion, along with autonomic dysfunction.

A

anterior spinal artery

50
Q

medial frontal and parietal lobes (primary motor and sensory cortices), which control the motor and sensory function of the lower extremities.
contralateral hemiparesis and sensory deficit of the lower extremities.

A

anterior cerebral artery

51
Q

right homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing and Gerstmann syndrome (agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, and left-right disorientation)
left posterior parietal and occipital lobes along with the thalamus and midbrain

A

left posterior cerbral artery

52
Q

greatest risk for development of dementia

A

advancing age
amyloid ad tau protein

53
Q

baby with asymetric thigh skinfolds and palpable clunk hip

A

developmental dyspasia of hip
dx with ultrasounds of hip
tx: reduction of the femoral head in the acetabulum, either by closed reduction and immobilization in a harness or spica casting, or open reduction under general anesthesia.

54
Q

pt with gagging and inability to feed with oral secretions

A

esophageal atresia with TEF
dx: insertion of nasogastric tube
confirm with esophagrogaphy with contrast
tx: surgery
additional screening for Vertebral, Anal, Cardiac, Tracheal, Esophageal, Kidney, Limbs
and
Coloboma of eye, Heart Anomaly, Choanal aTRESIA, rETARDATION, Gential and ear anomalies

55
Q

diarrhea from food poisoing, bright red blood in poop
just came from trip in mexico

A

campylobacter jejui
comma shaped
self limiting
can caused reactive artitstis in pts with HLA b27 and Guillaine barre syndrome
you dont need abx

56
Q

hyperglycemia and hyperosmolality >320

A

nonketotic hyperosmolar state
tx: IV normal saline

57
Q

agitation bruxism, diaphoresis, htn tachycardia, hyperthermia (fever) thirsty

A

ecstasy

58
Q

high b-hcg with no gestational sac

A

ectopic pregnancy
tx: methotrexate for small early pregos
mary require salpinectomy or evacuation with laparoscopy for larger pregnancies

vs hydatidform mole
bilateral multilocular ovarian cysts (theca lutein cysts)
and abnormal echogenicity in the uterus.

59
Q

albinism, peripheral neuropathy, recurrent pyogenic infections

A

impaired chemotaxis of neutrophils
chediak higashi

60
Q

HIV what vaccines

A

Influenza virus, 23-valent pneumococcal, hepB, meningococcal

pcv13 first, 8 weeks later PPSV23

61
Q

drug for nausea and gastroparesis taht can cause Parkinson symptoms

A

metoclopramide D-2 antagonist

62
Q

pts with NF2 need what annual screening

A

encodes merlin schwannomin
b/l acoustic schwannomas, cataracts, meningiomas, ependymomas , schwannomas
monitor for exsiting tumors and new ones
annual audiometry
annual **brain MRI at age 10

63
Q

HAND FOOD mouth disease
mgt:

A

observation only

64
Q

pertussis mgnt

A

macrolides and supportive care
prevented with tdap vaccine
booster every 10 years

waning vaccine immunology

65
Q

drowning can result :

A

ARDS
ischemic damage – cerebral edema
intubate them
purposeful movements is good sign

66
Q

pt with ascites and unconcsious
magt:

A

measurement of cell count and differential of abdominal fluid
SBP (HIGH LEUKOCYTES)
tx with cefTRIaxone

67
Q

scuba diving come up too fast

A

decompression sickness
tx: Iv hydration, 100% O2,, hyperbaric therapy

68
Q

painless lumb on side of neck, with supraclavicular lymph node rubbery firm, splenomegaly

A

increased LDH and ESR
hodgkin lymphoma

69
Q
A

xanthelasma
check Lipid levels
may need to start on statins
no tx

70
Q

child recovering from recent viral infection now has pain at hip, flexed/externally rotated
xray negative

A

transiet synovitis at hiop
elevated ESR inflammatory marker
tx: supportive
rule out septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, fracture

71
Q

renal artery stenosis mgt:
dx:
tx:

A

abdominal bruit
fribomuscular dyspalsia in younger
renal vein sampling would show increased renin on atrophied affected side

dx: MR-A or renal doppler ultrasonography

tx: angioplasty or stenting of stenosed renal artery to improve flow
ace inhibitors for unilateral stenosis but can lead to acute kidney failure in setting of b/l renal artery stenosis

72
Q

iga deficiency
anaphylactic after blood transfusion
what next?

A

epinephrine

73
Q

alcohol use disorder : what vitamin deficiency

A

thiamine, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and vitamin B6, while commonly deficient minerals include magnesium, iron, and zinc.

74
Q

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe cutaneous drug reaction that can easily progress to
toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

<10% for SJS and >30% for TEN
Unlike the management of burn patients, however, debridement or any accidental removal of sloughing epidermis must be avoided as this greatly increases the risk of infection

intensive support and wound management in burn unit

75
Q

NSAIDS on kidneys

A

can impair renal function

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease the production of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase. High doses or prolonged use of these drugs may cause decreased glomerular perfusion by** reducing afferent arteriolar vasodilation**, leading to acute or chronic kidney damage.

76
Q

worsening severe chest pain, previously resolved with rest but now longer in duration and worsening pain severity
what next?

A

initially stable angina resolved with rest
but now that theire is an increase : unstable angina
needs to be admitted to hospital for further ACS workup: serial ecgs, troponin, and theeeeen stress test or cardiac catheteriszation

77
Q

pt with (38yo) brisk carotid upstroke, systolic murmur at left sternal border, worsening murmur with valsalva and with standing, ecg shows LV hypertrophy
meds?

A

HOCM
can cause LVOT
tx: b-blockers slow the pulse and reduce likelihood of ectopic beats
nifedipine (ccblockers)

78
Q

nose bleeds

A

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
formations of telengiectasia and av-malformations

79
Q

child

exercise intolerance caused by failure to supply exercising lower extremity musculature with increased blood flow, atrophic lower extremities, diminished pulses in the lower extremities, a differential in blood pressure when measured between the four extremities, a systolic murmur (in this case, an epigastric bruit), and left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG.

A

coarctation of aorta
CT
or MR-A
or arterial doppler
or echo

80
Q

77yo painless mass on right earlobe started increasing in size, firm, irrefular, nontender angle of mandible
next step

A

fine-needle aspiration

81
Q

gets sick, then indirect bili goes up

A

gilbers
glucuronyltransferase enzyme reduction

82
Q

calcifications and pancreatic duct obstruction with foul smelling diarrhea and upper abdominal pain that radiates to back

A

chronic pancreatitis
give prancreatic enzyme supplementation
pancreatic insufficiency as a result of chronic, progressive pancreatic inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of acinar cells and islet cells.

not pancreatic cancer

83
Q

CT scan of the abdomen with contrast shows a 2.5-cm enhancing cystic mass lesion with internal necrosis in the mid pole of the left kidney.
next step?

A

RENAL cell carcinoma
left nephrectomy
an enhancing mass lesion with central necrosis
Lesions with central necrosis, a size larger than 4 to 5 cm, or clinical findings such as hematuria should raise the suspicion for RCC.

84
Q

Arrest of active labor occurs when there is no cervical change for greater than 4 hours with adequate contractions or greater than 6 hours with inadequate contractions.

A

a result of cephalopelvic disproportion or a non- occipitoanterior fetal presentation. If the fetal head is fully engaged in the pelvis, management can include operative vaginal delivery; if it is not, cesarean delivery is recommended.

85
Q

placenta previa or prior c/s can cause:

A

placenta accreta

risk of postpartum hemorrhage

86
Q

fish like odor, vaginal pH> 4.5
gray thin malodorous d/c

A

garnerella vaginalis
Bacterial Vaginalis
must do KOH wet mount prepartion
and then metronidazole

87
Q

cushing:

A

measurement of 24-hour urine free cortisol,
late night salivary cortisol concentration, (not 8am which is used for adrenal insufficiency)
or the use of the overnight dexamethasone suppression test.

88
Q

focal white infiltrates patchy on eye

A

candidal ophthalmitis
2/2 central line placement, hemodialysis or abscess

89
Q

Multiple scleoris fatigue

A

heat sensitivity so avoid outdoor activities in the heat
cooling technicques: cold drinks, lightweight clothing, air conditioning, ice packs, cooling suits) may improve heat-related exacerbations. Lifestyle modifications that apply to all patients such as maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding excessive alcohol use are also recommended for MS patients to reduce neuroinflammation.

90
Q

light pink, ill-defined macules with a gritty texture in areas of prolonged sun exposure, such as the face, ears, and dorsal hands.

A

actinic keratosis

91
Q

hyperkeratotic, crusted papules, plaques, or nodules, which may be ulcerated

A

squamous cell carcinoma

92
Q

prophylaxis perioperative antibiotics ahead of surgeries like total knee replacement:

A

cephalosporins like parenteral cefazolin

to cover skin infections like staph or strep

93
Q

tumor in leg: increasing size, lack of pain, and firmness.
xray neg
mri: soft tissue mass

A

concern for malignancy so do a core needle biopsy soft tissue sarcoma

94
Q

pt with urinary catheter for urinary incontinence and has alzheimers
what would have prevented infection

A

Urinary catheters are typically not indicated for long term use in patients with urinary incontinence, and these patients should be switched to the use of absorbent pads.
use of incontinence briefs

95
Q

coombs positive vs negative in pt with blood transfusion

A

positive: means ABO incompatibility life threatneing (acute hemolytic transfusion reaction)

negative: febrile transfusion reaction (preformed antibodies to donor leukocyties and/or cytokines in the plasma)

NBME's (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions