biostats

Question 1

exposed
vs
not exposed

looks at disease prevalence

Answer 1

cross sectional study

Question 2

disease
vs
no disease

looks back at exposure prevalence

Answer 2

case- control study

Question 3

exposed
vs
not expose

looks at outcome incidence (in the future)

Answer 3

prospective cohort study

Question 4

looks back into medical records review at
exposed
vs
not exposed
to then see outcome incidence

Answer 4

retrospective cohort study

Question 5

including data from every patient (even ones that drop out)

Answer 5

intention to treat
(stops selection bias)

Question 6

the percentage of patients who die from the disease among those who have been affected.

Answer 6

case fatality rate

Question 7

the risk of developing a disease among patients exposed to a risk factor divided by the risk in the unexposed (eg, it tells us that smokers are a certain number of times more likely to develop lung cancer compared to non-smokers)

Answer 7

Relative risk

Question 8

the difference in risk between the two groups.

Answer 8

attributable risk

Question 9

slow growing cancers detected earlier in thier course by screening earlier

looks like overall survival improved but not really – just screened for it earlier

Answer 9

lenght bias

Question 10

group of healthy individuals given a drug to determine if it is safe
safety, toxicity, pharmoacologic properties

Answer 10

phase 1

Question 11

drug given to people with the disease to determine if it is effective
correcting the dose and monitoring adverse effects

Answer 11

phase 2

Question 12

randomized contorl study to determine if the drug is better than placebo

Answer 12

phase 3

Question 13

post market surveillance after a new drug has been given to the public to determine the long term saftety profile

Answer 13

phase 4