***Nazi racial policies, including the Final Solution Flashcards
Which groups of people were ostracised in Nazi Germany?
- Jews
- Gypsies (Roma and Sinai)
- Asocials (homeless, alcoholics)
- Homosexuals
- Disabled people
- Political enemies
What happened to Hitler’s political enemies during Nazi rule?
They were imprisoned - over 150,000 LW enemies.
Which group were the first to be murdered?
Gypsies - due to their ‘racial’ identity.
What happened to Gypsies in Germany when WW2 broke out?
They were deported to Poland.
What happened to asocials under Nazi rule?
They were sent to concentration amps.
Why were homosexuals persecuted by the Nazis?
They were seen as resisting the Nazi ideal of the Aryan race and refusing to contribute to it.
What happened to homosexuals under Nazi rule?
They were sent to concentration camps - around 15,000 men.
What law was passed against disabled people and what did this do?
The Law for the Protection of Hereditary Diseased Offspring - passed in 1933. It was the compulsory sterilisation of disabled people.
How was the persecution of disabled people increased after 1939?
Through the Aktion T4 programme launched in 1939, which involved the murder of disabled children.
What was Hitler’s first action against Jews?
The boycott of Jewish shops in 1933, where SA officers stood outside discouraging people from entering.
What happened in 1935 which marks a turning point in the persecution of Jews?
The Nuremberg Laws were passed, revoking the citizenship and marital rights of Jews.
When were Jewish doctors and patients banned from government hospitals?
1936
Which conference was held in July 1938?
The Evian Conference
What happened at the Evian Conference?
The world leaders refused to accept any more Jewish refugees into their countries.
How did the laws passed in 1938 further ostracise Jews?
- There were laws passed which required Jewish women to add Sarah to their name and for men add Israel to their name. This was to appear on all legal documents.
- Jewish passports had to be stamped with a large red ‘J.’
- There was a law passed in December which confiscated all Jewish businesses.
When was Kristallnacht?
November 1938
What was Kristallnacht?
A programme launched in Germany and Austria which involved the Aryanisation of Jewish property. Homes, businesses and synagogues were vandalised and burned. Property was looted and 28,000 German and Austrian Jewish men were deported to concentration camps.
When did Himmler order the building of Auschwitz?
April 1940
What happened in September 1939?
The Germans invaded Poland.
What did Jews in Poland have to wear?
The Star of David
What was introduced in Poland in 1940?
Ghettoes were Jewish poles were forced to move into.
What did Hitler create in May 1941?
6 Einzatzgruppen (killing squads). These were to follow the German army into Russia and shoot all Jews and Communists.
What happened in June 1941?
Germany invaded the USSR - Operation Barbarossa.
What became forbidden in August 1941?
The voluntary emigration of German Jews.
What happened at Babi Yar in September 1941?
The mass murder of 24,000 Jews by the Einsatzgruppen and Ukrainian police.
What was discussed at the Wannsee Conference?
The Final Solution
What was the final solution?
The mass genocide of all Jews.
When was the Wannsee Conference?
January 1942
Who attended the Wannsee Conference?
Senior government officials
When was the first gassing of Jews carried out at Auschwitz?
January 1942
Where had other death camps been established by spring 1942?
Belzec, Treblinka and Sobibor.
Why was the final solution decided in part?
Too expensive to keep Jews in ghettoes. The Nazis wanted to put money into rearmament.
How many Jews were murdered in death camps between 1942-44?
6 million. 1 million of which were in Einsatzgruppen massacres.
