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History Germany > Nazi Opposition And Control > Flashcards

Nazi Opposition And Control Flashcards

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1
Q

Rank methods of opposition from mildest to strongest with examples

A
  • Non-conformity (not saluting)
  • Dissent (reading an illegal book)
  • Protest (Making your opposition known)
  • Opposition (preaching or joining an opposition group)
  • Resistance (attempting to kill Nazis)
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2
Q

Youth opposition examples

A

White Rose Group (spread anti-Nazi leaflets and wanted the German Youth to rise up)
The Swing Youth (wanted to listen to US/UK music and stop Nazi control on their lives)
The Eselweiss Pirates (attacked Hitler Youth and mocked Germany, not too political. 12 ganged in 1944)

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3
Q

The Conservative Elites Opposition examples

A

The Kreisau Circle (mainly theoretical opposition and wanted an end to the regime)
The Freiburg Circle (strongly nationalistic, wanted to bring down Hitler but continue the war)
Army bomb plot 1944 (members of the army tried to kill Hitler but failed)

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4
Q

Church opposition examples

A

Protestants (wanted to defend the church from state interference)
Catholics (1937 stopped the banning of crucifixes in schools, 1941 temporarily suspended the euthanasia campaign)

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5
Q

Left wing opposition examples

A 
SPD (banned, many leaders exiled in 1933. Rest went ‘underground’ all opposition stopped by the mid-1930’s due to Gestapo)
KPD (after Reichstag fire most were killed or arrested, over 30,000 continued ‘underground resistance’. The ‘Red Flag’ spread anti-Nazi literature)
Rote Kappelle (‘Red Orchestra’ wanted communism and carried out acts of violence)
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6
Q

Examples of Nazi strength to eliminate opposition

A
  • Powerful secret police including a network of informers
  • Nazi Policies were popular
  • Imprisonment/use of torture
  • Government control of the media
  • One party state
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7
Q

Examples of weakness in opposition

A
  • Lacked resources
  • Resistance organisations didn’t cooperate and were divided
  • No independent trade unions or organisations to rally opponents
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8
Q

By how much more did rural areas support the Nazi regime compared to urban areas and why was this?

A

Higher by 28%
Improved peasant conditions
Reich Entitled Farm Law meant they had security over ownership of land
Autarchy meant farmers didn’t have to compete with foreign groups

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9
Q

Reasons for Nazi support in the 1930’s

A
  • Party acted fast on promises
  • Looked smart and feel patriotic
  • Feel powerful
  • Fear of being denounced or targeted
  • Could denounce anyone you didn’t like
  • Better than the Weimar Constitution
  • Liked the Nazi Polices and ideologies
  • Thought of Hitler as a saviour
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10
Q

What was the problem with the people who chose no side?

A

Anyone who ‘stayed out’ of politics was essentially just helping the Nazis retain power

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11
Q

Why did the Nazis have a lot of continued support during the war?

A
  • Patriotism meant some would join the war effort to great extents to defend German territory
  • Propaganda by Goebbles gave ideas of Red Army brutality of rape and murder
  • Nazis spread stories of hope and that Germany were winning the war in newspapers and films etc
  • Morale was high, bombings meant Germans wanted to fight back
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12
Q

Who repressed the opposition?

A

Gestapo
SS
NSDAP
Informers

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13
Q

What percentage of Gestapo investigations were due to public denounciations?

A

80-90%

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14
Q

What were different forms of repression?

A 
Arrest
Beatings
Imprisonment
Concentration camps
Executions
Censorship
Sterilisation
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15
Q

How many Gestapo agents were there in 1939 and what did they do?

A 
40,000
Found political dissidents
Recruited informers (150,000 by 1945)
Arresting/interrogating suspects
Gestapo agents couldn’t be prosecuted
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16
Q

What did the SS do and who led them?

A

Led by Himmler, they replaced the SA as the main paramilitary wing of the NSDAP. Took control of the police forces from 1936. They carried out radical policies and ran concentration camps.

17
Q

What were concentration camps originally used for?

A

Short term open air prison camps. There were 4,000 in 1935 and were supposed to protect the German people from political opponents

18
Q

What is the meaning of propaganda?

A

Organised spreading of information to promote the views of a government

19
Q

What were the main aims of Nazi Propaganda?

A

Subtle repeated messages to allow it to sink in
Include Nazi policies like Anti-Semitism or anti-communism
Promote unity: Winter Help programme, volksgemeinschaft, national rallies
Celebrate successes: Re-armament, regaining lost territory, sports
Cultivate the Hitler Myth

20
Q

The Hitler Myth: how was he portrayed and what was its importance?

A

•Germany’s Messiah
•Representative of the whole nation
•Leader above politics
•Architect of Germany’s economic revival
•Statesman who defend German (Teutonic Knight)
Was important as it allowed Germany to feel loyalty and respect for Hitler as most weren’t interested in politics

21
Q

When was Goebbles war speech and why was it made?

A

February 1943 after the loss at Stalingrad. Explained how sacrifices must be made or else the war is lost

22
Q

Positives and Negatives of War films

A

Positives:
Increased morale of people
‘Campaign in Poland’ was seen by 14 million people by 1940.

Negatives:
Took soldiers away from fighting during filming
‘Eternal Jew’ made people leave the theatres

23
Q

What did the Protestant Youth become and what was the Reich Church?

A

Protestant Youth became the Hitler Youth

Reich Church was 28 Protestant churches becoming Nazi approved churches

24
Q

How did women get the Mother Cross?

A

After having 4 children

25
Q

Give examples of plebiscites and their vote percentage

A 
•Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
•Anschluss with Austria
•Saarland
•Leaving the League of Nations
All received votes of 95-100% in favour of Hitler
26
Q

What was the people’s court?

A

Set up in 1934
Outside of the operations of the constitutional frame of law
Majority of cases had predetermined guilty verdicts
More like show trials

27
Q

When were the White Rose leaders and Edelweiss pirates executed?

A

White Rose leaders: 1943

Edelweiss pirates: 1944

History Germany (13 decks)

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