Hitler Life Flashcards
What were some Nazi aims towards women?
- Fulfil the nurturing role and have a clean home
- Bear the next generation of Aryan race
- Had to be sexually attractive
- Responsible consumers and avoid Jewish shops
- Have no political role as believed it was a ‘Jewish conspiracy’
What was meant by ‘Kinder, Kuche, Kirche’?
Children, Kitchen, Church
Meant for women
What is the Lebensborn programme?
Provided SS officers women as partners and offered maternity care
What were Mother schools?
Women could relearn their natural skills and roles as a mother
What Nazi policy helped women with income tax?
For every child they had there was a reduction in income tax, after 6 children they had no income tax
What was a marriage loan?
Couple was given a loan of 1,000 Reichmarks after marriage and the loan was paid off by 1/4 every time for every child they had
What were Reich Bride schools?
Taught courses in ironing, gardening, childcare etc
What was the NSF and what was their opinion on women’s roles?
The Nationalist Socialist Women’s Union, said women should have children and look after the home
How did Nazis deal with the shortage of labour from 1937-1939?
Female employment rose from 5.7 million to 7.1 million and increased from 31 to 33% in the workforce. In 1937 Germany introduced a duty year for unmarried women so they could work
What did the Nazis do after heavy war casualties in 1943?
Introduced conscription for women aged 17-45
How was work affected for women during the war years?
- Increase from 1/3 to 1/2 of women in labour forces
- Increase in work on farms from 55% 1939 to 67% 1944
- 500,000 women bought into work by the Ministry of Munitions
How did the war affects female colonisers?
- 200,000 settlers moved into Poland
- By moving German women into Poland it would stop the men getting Polish women pregnant and stopping ‘radically fit’ babies
What did the Nazis expect women to do in social/domestic life?
Keep the homes clean and tidy and look after children. Ensure the men had something good to come home to
How many women in Germany were sterilised during the war?
400,000
How many Germans in 1945 had VD (STI)?
23%
Name some ethnic minorities who were effected by Nazi policies
Jews Poles Danes Slavs Gypsies Russians Black/mixed race
Name other minorities effected (not ethnic)
Homosexuals
Alcoholics
Prostitutes
Disabled
At what point in Nazi Germany did persecution of ethnic minorities slow down?
1936 Olympics
What were key turning points in the persecution of minorities?
Nuremberg Race Laws 1935
Kristallnacht 1938
Start of the War 1939
Some key statistics about the impact on ethnic minorities
- 6 million Jews killed
- 2.8 million Soviet prisoners of war were killed
- 500,000 gypsies killed
- 400,000 were forcibly sterilised
How did Nazi policies affect teachers?
The industry was purged, around 20% of teachers were sacked in 1933. Mostly due to political beliefs but also for being Jewish and being a woman
How did female membership of the NSDAP change from 1939-1945?
17% in 1939
35% in 1945
How were these affected from 1933-1939? Marriages Divorces Births Infant mortality
Marriages, divorces and births all increased.
Infant mortality dropped.
What was the key change to the curriculum?
To show the advantages of the Aryan Race
What is the BDM?
League of German Maidens
Information about the Hitler Youth
Ages 6-18
Focused on competition, struggle and leadership through military and physical challenges.
Swore a loyalty oath to Hitler
By 1939 HY had 8.7 million members out of the 8.9 million youths
After March 1939 HY became legally binding from age 10 with parental fines imposed
What happened to many of the Hitler Youth?
When they grew older they began to dislike the tasks they were forced to do.
Enthusiasm dropped
At what ages were army recruitment ages reduced to during the war and when did this happen?
Ages 16-17 could fight on the frontline from 1944-45
What was the ‘Reichkultkurkammer’?
Created by Goebbles in 1933 to control creative arts and promote art deemed acceptable by the Regime.
Key features of Nazi culture?
- Used for Propaganda and to create unity
- 1937 Exhibition of Degenerate Art
- Projects like the Olympic Stadium and the rally ground in Nuremberg
- Introduction of Nazi Calendar (national holidays for Hitlers birthday and Munich Putsch)
Nazi aims with culture
- Recreate traditional art and culture
- Censorship in anything referencing Weimar
- Promote any radically pure culture
- Promote Hitler views and Nazi ideas
Which type of art/statues were preferred and which artists were banned for their work?
Aryan statues and art promoted, abstract art was disapproved and believed it promoted disabled people.
Otto Dix and Paul Klee banned.
Name some Leni Riefenstahl films
Triumph of the Will
Olympia
Holy Mountain
Blue Light
When was female conscription introduced?
1942
17-45 year old women
