Nazi Germany II Flashcards
1
Q
Nazi vs Christian beliefs?
A
- Hitler was all powerful v God was all powerful
- Aryan racial superiority v Everyone equal in the eyes of God
- Military discipline v Peace
- Dominance of the strong over weak v strong should look after weak
2
Q
Why was Hitler worried about the Catholic Church?
A
- They were loyal to the pope
- They usually supported the Catholic Centre party
- Sent their children to Catholic schools
3
Q
What was the Reich Church 1933?
A
- Made up of 2000 Protestant Churches
- Supported by Nazis
- Led by Ludwig Muller
- Had members in uniform called the German Christians
4
Q
What was the Confessing Church 1934?
A
- Made up of 6000 Protestant Churches
- Opposed by Nazis
- Led by Martin Niemoller
- Repressed by Nazis
5
Q
What was the Concordat 1933?
A
- Hitler had initially agreed with the pope that Catholics were free to worship and run their own schools whatever, but BROKE his promise :0
- Hitler harassed priests that were opposing the Nazis and sent them to concentration camps
- Catholic schools were removed
- Catholic youth organisations were banned
6
Q
Methods of Hitler censorship?
A
- Public burning of books by Jewish writers or anyone who disagreed with Nazi views
- Radio producers, filmmakers, play writers and newspapers were told what to say
- Newspapers opposing Nazi were closed
- Only radios that couldn’t recieve foreign stations were made
7
Q
How did pastors and priests oppose the Nazis?
A
- 6000 Protestant pastors joined Niemoller’s Confessing Church as a protest against Nazi policy
- 800 pastors arrested and sent to concentration camps
- 400 Catholic priests spoke out and were taken to the Dachau concentration camp
8
Q
Pastor Martin Niemoller?
A
- 1933 Pro Nazi - didn’t oppose Nazi restrictions on Jews
- 1934 Against Nazi - didn’t like Nazi interference with Protestant Church - set up Confessing Church
1938 Very Against Nazi - arrested many times for speaking out and set to a concentration camp till 1945
9
Q
Who were the Edelweiss Pirates and the Swing Youth?
A
- They were the youth opposition - but they were limited
- Nazis weren’t threatened by them
- Wrote anti- Nazi graffiti, told anti-Nazi jokes, attacking Hitler youth, listening to banned music, wore american-style clothing
10
Q
What was the ideal Nazi woman?
A
- Natural appearance, no makeup, long hair tied back
- Traditional clothing
- Fair haired, blue eyes
- Sturdily built for children and marriage, no school
- Non drinker, non smoker
- Believe in Nazi ideas
11
Q
Nazi policies against woman?
A
- Could not work, only get married - Marriage Law of 1933
- Should have at least 4 children
- The German Women’s Enterprise gave women medals for having medals and radio programmes talked about home based matters
12
Q
How did the Nazi’s want children to be brought up for the ‘good of Germany?’
A
- To be proud of Germans supporting a strong, independant Germany
- Girls to be strong and healthy to be good wives and fertile mothers
- Boys to be strong and healthy in order to work for the German economy and the German forces
- To support the Nazi party
13
Q
Youth group activities for boys
A
- Military drills
- Signalling
- Learning about Hitler and racial superiority
- Singing patriotic songs
- Nazi marches and rallies
14
Q
Youth group activities for girls
A
- Housework
- Needlework and craft
- Learning about babies and childcare
- Learning what to look for in a good husband
- Activities from boys except for military drills and signalling
15
Q
Aims of Nazi education policy
A
- Prepare girls to be good wives
- Create loyal Nazis
- Glorify Germany
- Turn boys into strong soldiers
- Learn Nazi beliefs
16
Q
Nazi control of education?
A
- Children had to attend state school - separate schools for girls and boys
- Teachers had to be Nazi party members - Nazi Teacher’s League - attend courses to learn Nazi beliefs
- 15% of time spent on PE, Girls taught domestic skills, Boys taught military skills, Both sexes taught traditional subjects, Race studies and Nazi eugenics taught
17
Q
Propaganda in Nazi education
A
- All lessons began and ended with the Nazi salute
- Nazi posters in classrooms
- Textbooks had to be approved by Nazi Party
- Traditional subjects were written to glorify Germany
- Radical ideas and anti-Semitism were embedded in subjects
18
Q
Why did Hitler wanted to get people working?
A
- The unemployed were dangerous politically - poor and hungry may turn to other parties to help
- The unemployed were believed to be a burden on society and a waste of valuable resources
19
Q
What was the National Labour Service (RAD) 1935?
A
- Compulsory for all men aged 18-25 to serve for 6 months on this scheme with public work - EG draining marshes
- Many hated this - pay was low, long hours, boring work
20
Q
What were the job creation schemes?
A
- Nazi’s put money into large projects for people to work on, including 7000km of autobahns connecting the country, public buildings and sports facilities - the stadia for the Berlin Olympics
21
Q
What was Rearmament?
A
- The Nazis built their stockpile of arms, even though the Treaty of Versailles had stipulated limits against this
22
Q
What was Invisible unemployment?
A
- Jews were forced out of jobs
- Women were dismissed from jobs
- Unmarried men under 25 doing RAD
- Opponents of the regime sent to concentration camps
23
Q
How did the Nazi’s try to increase standard of living in the workforce?
A
- German Labour Front - DAF replaced trade unions, ran several schemes:
- Strength through Joy (KdF) - aimed to increase productivity and happiness of workers through holidays or low cost activities
- Beauty of Labour (SdA) - aimed to improve conditions in workplace like getting rid of noise, providing canteens, etc. But people had to help construct these
- The Volkswagen - promoting car ownership - Hitler asked Porsche to design a family car (VW Beetle) and people paid 5 marks to it - but it was unpopular and was given to rearmament
24
Q
How did standard of living improve by 1939?
A
- More jobs with most men in work
- Average wages rose by 20% compared to 1933
- KdF and SdA improved working conditions
- Car ownership increased three fold
25
Q
What aspects of standard of living did not improve by 1939?
A
- Invisible unemployment meant not everyone was employed
- Cost of food rose by an equivalent amount of the wage rise - so it cancelled out
- Workers had few right and longer hours due to the ban of trade unions
- Only high earners could afford cars - low earners had to spend money on essentials
26
Q
What was the Nazi racial hierachy?
A
- THIS IS IN ORDER FROM TOP TO BOTTOM -
- Aryan Race (THE BEST AT THE TIME)
- Other white western Europeans
- Eastern Europeans
- Black people and gypsies
- Jews (THE WORST AT THE TIME)
27
Q
What was Untermenschen?
A
- It means ‘inferior people’
- Nuremburg Laws banned Aryans from marrying blacks, jews, or gypsies
- Gypsies were sent to concentration camps
- Slaves were reminded constantly that they didn’t fit into the Aryan Race
- Homosexuals were sent to prison or conc camps
- Mentally and physically disabled people were killed
- Vagrants put in conc camps
28
Q
Reasons for Jewish prosecution
A
…
29
Q
Reasons why most non-jewish people let the prosecution happen
A
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