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History - gsce > Anglo Saxon and Norman England II > Flashcards

Anglo Saxon and Norman England II Flashcards

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1
Q

How did William establish control? (2)

A
  • The march to London - William and his men marched to Dover where they fell with dysentery, and when recovered took him and his men on a brutal south east march destroying houses and farms. Towns and villages were intimidated and surrendered.
  • Submission of earls - william seized the royal treasury so aethling had no rewards, william threatened to cut supplies with his march, englands best warriors died in the battle of hastings, william = gods will
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2
Q

What did William reward his followers and Anglo Saxons?

A

His followers - lavish gifts to the pope, a heavy geld tax to pay the mercenaries, granted land

Anglo Saxons - edwin and morcar keep their land but smaller, edwin promised williams daughter in marriage but doesnt happen, gospatric made earl but he had debt, everyone who fought against william loses land, but that land granted to his followers

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3
Q

What were the marcher earldoms, names, rights, and privileges?

A

Hereford, Shrewsbury and Chester to protect the Marches. Could make new towns for norman colonisation, did not have to pay tax on land to invest defence and could build castles

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4
Q

What were castles, why were they here and give 4 features.

A

Motte and bailey castles were unknown and had a huge military and psychological impact for normans, and four features include:

  • Palisade (strong fence)
  • Keep (strong wooden tower for lookout)
  • Ditch (surrounded the bailey and motte, also protected palisade)
  • Gatehouse (access into castle)
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5
Q

Why were castles important?

A
  • Located in strategically important places to keep the population under surveillance
  • Used as a base for attacks
  • Normans wanted others to feel dominated
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6
Q

How were castles different from burhs?

A
  • Burhs protected Anglo Saxons, these controlled Anglo Saxons
  • Castles were meant to be small and private, burhs were large and protected communities
  • Castles were part of the Norman domination, burhs took longer to construct, and were designed to defend inhabitants, not attack foreign invaders
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7
Q

Anglo Saxon resistance, 1068, and cause

A
  • Edwin and Morcar fled William’s court to go against him
  • Edwin resentment
  • Bad government - Odo of Bayeux and William FitzOsbern lawless
  • Morcar’s resentment
  • Loss of land
  • Castles
  • Taxes
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8
Q

William’s response and outcome to 1068 AS (Anglo Saxon) resistance

A
  • William took his forces and took control of the burhs of Warwick and Nottingham and built castles and went to Edwin and Morcar earldoms
  • Edwin and Morcar went to Warwick and submitted to him
  • They were pardoned, returned to being guests in his court until they escaped again in 1071
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9
Q

Consequences of AS resistance 1068

A
  • Put Robin Cumin in charge of the North (as a Norman)
  • Edgar Aethling resistance to Norman control at Malcom III court
  • Castles were effective - submission
  • Other revolts happening at the same time - Eadric the West against the Marcher earldoms
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10
Q

Hereward the Wake and the rebellion at Ely

A
  • Hereward went to Ely in 1069 and started a rebellion after he lost land to a Norman
  • Teamed with the Danes for a raid on Peterborough abbey
  • Morcar and his men joined
  • Morcar captured while Hereward escaped
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11
Q

Harrying of the North reasons

A
  • Destroy spirit of rebellion in North
  • To prevent viking using Yorkshire as base for attacks
  • A warning to other areas of England
  • Military response to guerrilla warfare which depended on rebel support
  • Revenge for the death of Robert Cum
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12
Q

Features of Harrying of the North

A
  • Livestock killed
  • Homes destroyed
  • Took place in the winter of 1069-1070
  • Areas affected were the Humber River and the Tees river
  • Seeds destroyed - no food
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13
Q

Immediate consequences of the Harrying of the North

A
  • Deaths of thousands from starvation
  • Flood of refugees
  • Families selling themselves into slavery
  • Cannibalism from desperate, starving people
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14
Q

Long term consequences of the Harrying of the North

A
  • No further rebellion
  • Danish invaders went to Ely, as there was no Yorkshire base
  • Norman aristocracy rose
  • Criticism of William’s brutality
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15
Q

Landownership changes by 1087

A
  • Over half of the land owned by 109 tenants in chief
  • 5% land held by AS
  • King’s royal estate made up 20% - more power
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16
Q

Landownership changes in 1087 effects on thegns and peasants

A

Thegns - Norman followers would inherit land, not their children, and those who did not listen to Norman lords forfeit land

Peasants - Around the same, but ceorls became rarer

17
Q

List how William maintained royal power.

A
  • His religious claim
  • Crown-wearing ceremonies
  • Use of Witan
  • Coinage control
  • Writs
  • Oaths
  • Laws
  • Domesday book
  • Military power
18
Q

Reasons for the revolt of the earls (6)

A
  • Loss of privileges
  • Loss of land
  • William’s absence - time to strike
  • Powerful allies - King Sweyn of Denmark
  • AS rebelliousness
  • Loss of land
19
Q

What were the rebel earls and their motives?

A
  • Roger de Breteuil, Earl of Hereford - resented when his earldom was shortened after FitzOsbern died, since fitzy was one of his most trusted followers

Ralph de Gael, Earl of East Anglia - similar to roger

Waltheof - taken part in the rebellions in 1069, but was pardoned, he was the last surviving AS earl.

20
Q

List the features of the Revolt. (6)

A
  • Waltheof told Archbishop Lanfranc of the revolt
  • Lanfranc tried to convince Roger not to go to William
  • Roger didn’t listen, Lanfranc excommunicated him
  • Bishop Wulfstan blocked Roger from taking his troops across the Severn River
  • AS joined the Normans to stop Ralph’s troops from coming out of East Anglia
  • When the Danes finally arrived, the revolt had ground to a halt. The Danes didn’t invade but raided and fled back to Denmark.
21
Q

List 3 features about the defeat of the earls revolt.

A
  • Roger was captured and imprisoned for life
  • Ralph escaped to Brittany, though William blinded some of his Breton followers
  • Waltheof fled, but William tricked him into coming back to England, and he was imprisoned and then executed.
22
Q

List 4 features about the significance of the revolt.

A
  • Challenges to William were now only from his sons and barons
  • AS defended William, meaning he had some English support
  • Despite this, William still suppressed AS nobles
  • The Danish invasion in 1075 was the end of the Viking threat to England

History - gsce (14 decks)

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