Nazi Germany 1933-39 Flashcards

1
Q

Why was Hitler limited in his power as chancellor?

A

Hindenburg still had presidential powers, only a third of the Reichstag were Nazis, the cabinet of 12 only had 2 other Nazis, the Weimar Constitution set limits on the Chancellor

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2
Q

When was the Reichstag fire?

A

27th February 1933

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3
Q

Who was blamed for the Reichstag fire?

A

Van der Lubbe, a Dutch Communist

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4
Q

What happened on the 5th March 1933?

A

General election was held

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5
Q

Why was Hitler disappointed in the 1933 election results?

A

Nazis did not gain a two-thirds majority

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6
Q

What was passed on the 24th March 1933?

A

Enabling Act

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7
Q

What did the Enabling Act do?

A

Allow Hitler to make laws and sign foreign treaties without the approval of the Reichstag. Marked an end to democracy in Germany

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8
Q

What did Hitler do to local government in 1934?

A

Abolish state parliament

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9
Q

What did Hitler do to Trade Unions in 1933?

A

Broke into their offices and arrested their leaders, forced workers to join German Workers’ Front

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10
Q

What law did Hitler pass in 1933 regarding other political parties?

A

Banned all of them except the Nazi Party

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11
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

1934

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12
Q

How many SA officers were arrested?

A

200

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13
Q

What benefit did Hitler gain from Night of the Long Knives?

A

He had total loyalty from the army as they swore a personal oath. All his opponents would fear him.

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14
Q

What did Hitler become when Hindenburg died?

A

Declared himself Fuhrer

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15
Q

What does does a totalitarian rule mean?

A

Hitler would have control over all aspects of people’s lives

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16
Q

Identify 4 areas of the police state

A

The SS, Concentration camps, The Gestapo, Informers

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17
Q

What was set up to censor literature?

A

The Ministry of Propaganda

18
Q

What happened to books that showed ‘un-German’ views?

A

They were burned

19
Q

What were the 4 key messages of Nazi propaganda?

A

1.Supremacy of the Aryan Race 2. Evils of communism 3.Roles of men and women and importance of family 4.Citizens had a duty to suffer for the good of a nation

20
Q

What event was held in 1936 in Berlin?

21
Q

What did the Nazis see education as?

A

An opportunity to indoctrinate young people to ensure they grew up to be loyal Nazis.

22
Q

What was ‘Race Studies’?

A

A new subject which taught young people Aryans were superior and that Jews were the lowest racial type.

23
Q

Name the youth groups for boys and girls aged 14-18.

A

Hitler Youth for boys and League of German Maidens for girls

24
Q

Which organisation trained women in household skills?

A

The German Women’s Enterprise

25
What was set up to help young Germans marry?
Law for Encouragement of Marriage- it provided loans, only if women gave up work
26
How were women awarded for having large families?
They were given medals- Gold for 8 children, Silver for 6 and Bronze for 5
27
What as the concordat agreement in 1933?
An agreement between the Church and the Nazis stating they would not get involved in each others affairs
28
Identify 5 ways the Nazis reacted to the Catholic Church
1. Made the Catholic League youth group illegal. 2.Funding was cut. 3.Gestapo and the SS began to spy 4.Church schools were closed. 5.Catholic priests who spoke out were arrested
29
What did the term was used for sub-humans or inferior humans?
Untermenschen
30
Approximately, what percentage of Germany was Jewish?
1%
31
What laws oppressed the Jewish population and when were they introduced
Nuremberg Laws in 1935
32
What was the name of event which terrorised Jews in November 1938?
Kristallnacht- the Night of Broken Glass
33
What is autarky?
The economic plan to make Germany self-sufficient
34
What was the aim of the 4 Year Plan and when was it introduced?
In 1936, led by Goering, the aim was to make Germany self-sufficient in oil, steel and rubber so it was ready for war
35
Was autarky successful?
By 1939 the government had a debt of 40 billion, frequent food shortages and rationing had to be introduced.
36
What 2 public work programmes were set up to help employment?
Autobahns and the Olympic Stadium
37
Which groups made up 'invisible unemployment?'
Women, Jews, people in temporary employment such as agricultural workers, National Labour Service (RAD)
38
What 2 programmes did the German Labour Front (DAF) set up to improve workers' lives?
Strength Through Joy (KDF) and Beauty of Labour (SDA)
39
What was the purpose of strength through joy?
Run activities for workers in their leisure time.
40
What was the purpose of Beauty of Labour (SDA)
Improve working conditions.