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Edexcel GCSE History- Weimar and Nazi Germany > Nazi Control and Dictatorship > Flashcards

Nazi Control and Dictatorship Flashcards

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1
Q

How was Hitler’s power limited upon becoming chancellor?

A
  • Weimar Constitution controlled what the Chancellor could do
  • Hindenburg retained all the powers of the president
  • Only 2 of the 12 cabinet ministers were NSDAP members
  • NSDAP members in the Reichstag numbered 1/3
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2
Q

When was the Reichstag fire?

A

27th February 1933

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3
Q

Who was convicted for the cause of the Reichstag fire? What ideology did they believe in?

A

Marinus van der Lubbe - Communist

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4
Q

How did Goering and Hitler try to use the Reichstag fire?

A

Used it as an opportunity to attack communists

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5
Q

How many communists were arrested on the night of the Reichstag fire?

A

4000

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6
Q

What did Hitler pressurize Hindenburg to declare the day after the Reichstag fire?

A

A state of emergency

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7
Q

What did “a state of emergency” grant Hitler?

A

The ability to use decrees to govern Germany, provided he had Hindenburg’s support

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8
Q

What decree was passed on the 28th February 1933?

A

The decree for the Protection of the People and the State

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9
Q

What did the decree for the Protection of the People and the State do?

A
  • Gave Hitler powers to imprison political opponents and ban communist newpapers
  • Civil liberties were lost
  • Privacy was lost ie. checking letters
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10
Q

For when did Hitler persuade Hindenburg to call another election?

A

5th March 1933

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11
Q

How much money was donated in just one meeting by industrialists to the Nazi campaign?

A

3 million marks

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12
Q

How many people died in the March 1933 election campaigns?

A

70

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13
Q

How many seats did the NSDAP party get in March 1933?

A

288

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14
Q

How did Hitler gain a two thirds majority in the Reichstag in 1933?

A

By gaining the support of the other nationalist parties along with his 288 seats

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15
Q

What would Hitler’s proposed the Enabling act mean?

A
  • the Reich Cabinet could pass new laws
  • laws could overrule the constitution of the Republic
  • the laws would be proposed by the chancellor
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16
Q

When was the Enabling act passed?

A

24th March 1933

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17
Q

What were the voting figures for the enabling act?

A

444 votes to 94

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18
Q

When was the enabling act renewed?

A

1937

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19
Q

What happened to trade union officials in May 1933?

A

They were arrested by Nazis who broke into their offices

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20
Q

When were trade unions banned and strikes made illegal?

A

May 1933

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21
Q

Which two political rivals were attacked by Stormtroopers? When?

A

May 1933 - SPD and KPD

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22
Q

When were all politcal parties in Germany made illegal?

A

July 1933

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23
Q

When were the Lander parliaments abolished?

A

January 1934

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24
Q

What did Hitler command as an alternative to Lander parliaments?

A

Hitler selected governors to run the regions of Germany

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25
Q

How many SA members where there by 1934 after the merging with the Stahlhelm?

A

3 million

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26
Q

How many SA were unemployed by 1933?

A

60%

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27
Q

What part of Hitler’s regime did Ernst Rohm question?

A
  • Hitler’s links with rich industrialists and army generals

- Nationalist polices as he wanted more socialism

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28
Q

Why were German army officers worried about Rohm in 1934?

A
  • The army had only 100,00 men whereas the SA had many more men
  • They thought the SA wanted to replace them
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29
Q

Why did the leaders of the SS resent Rohm?

A
  • They wanted to reduce the power of the SA

- and increase the power and the status of the SS

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30
Q

What was Hitler warned of in 1934 by leaders of the SS and the army?

A

That Rohm was planning to seize power

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31
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

30th June 1934

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32
Q

How many people were killed over the four days including the night of the long knives?

A

400

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33
Q

How many senior members of the SA were killed in July 1934?

A

150

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34
Q

Which leading political figures where murdered after the night of the ling knives?

A

General von Schleicher

Gregor Strasser

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35
Q

How did Hitler assert control over von Papen?

A
  • Had the SS shoot his press secretary and arrest his staff

- Surrounded his home and cut off his telephone

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36
Q

When did President Hindenburg die?

A

2nd August 1934

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37
Q

Upon Hindenburg’s death, what did Hitler declare?

A

He was Germany’s fuhrer and would assume both the power of the president and chancellor

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38
Q

What did Hitler force the members of the army to do when he declared his fuhrership?

A

Swear an oath of loyalty to him

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39
Q

When was a plebicite held to confirm Hitler as fuhrer?

A

19th August 1934

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40
Q

How many voters voted in faavour of Hitler becoming chancellor?

A

90%

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41
Q

What were the main parts of the police state?

A
  • SS
  • SD
  • Gestapo
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42
Q

Who led the SS from 1929?

A

Heinrich Himm;er

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43
Q

What did the SS do?

A

By 1936, they controlled all Germany’s police and security forces

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44
Q

Who led the SD?

A

Reinhard Heydrich

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45
Q

What were the SD?

A

A uniformed group which spied on all known opponents and critics of the Nazi party and German government

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46
Q

How many men were the SS expanded to in the 1930s?

A

240,000

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47
Q

Who led the Gestapo from 1936?

A

Heydrich

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48
Q

How many members of the Gestapo were there?

A

30,000

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49
Q

How many Gestapo agents were there in towns such as Hamburg?

A

Fewer than 50 officers

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50
Q

How many people were arrested in 1939 due to the Gestapo?

A

160,000

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51
Q

What did the Gestapo rely on to function?

A
  • Fear

- Informants

52
Q

What were set up to combat the growing number of people ‘under protective arrest’?

A

Concentration camps

53
Q

When was the first Nazi concentration camp opened? Where?

A

Dachau in 1933

54
Q

How many concentration camps were there by 1939?

A

six

55
Q

What people were sent to concentration camps?

A
  • ‘undesirables’ such as vagrants, prostitutes, homosexuals
  • minority groups such as Jews
  • political prisoners
56
Q

What was the name of the famous journalist sent to Esterwegen concentration camp who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1936?

A

Carl von Ossietzky

57
Q

What did Hitler set up to control the legal system?

A

Nationalist Socialist League for the Maintenance of the Law

58
Q

What were judges instructed to do by the Nazi party?

A

Place more importance in the interests of the Nazi party in any conflict between the Nazi party and the law

59
Q

Who was Hans Frank? What did he encourage?

A

The president of the German Academy of Law - taught the interpretations of law in line with Nazi philosophy

60
Q

What did Hitler abolish in the courts?

A

Trial by jury

61
Q

What new court did Hitler set up?

A

People’s Court

62
Q

What did the People’s Court do?

A

Hear all cases of treason agains the state. The judges were handpicked and trials held in secret

63
Q

How many people were sentenced to death for politcal offences between 1934 and 1939?

A

534

64
Q

Which Judge had 90% of his defendants execcuted?

A

Roland Freiser

65
Q

What were the issues in regard to Catholicism with the Nazi party?

A
  • 1/3 of Germany’s Christians were Catholic
  • Catholics owed allegiance to Pope and not Hitler
  • Catholics had their own schools which didn’t teach Nazi values
66
Q

When was the concordat agreed?

A

July 1933

67
Q

What did the concordat agree?

A
  • Hitler agreed to confirm freedom of worship for Catholics and not to interfere with Catholic schools
  • Catholic church agreed priests would not interefere with politics and ordered German bishops to swaer loyalty to Nazi regime
68
Q

What did Hitler do to the Catholics despite the concordat?

A
  • Catholic priests were harassed and arrested
  • Catholic schools were brought in line with state schools or closed
  • Catholic youth activities, such as the Catholic Youth League were banned in 1937
69
Q

Who released the Nazi critical statement called With Burning Anxiety? When?

A

1937, Pope Pius XI

70
Q

When was the Reich church (unified Protestant churches with Nazism) set up?

A

1936

71
Q

Which pro-Nazi became the Reich Bishop of Germany?

A

Ludwig Muller

72
Q

What changes were made to the Protestant church with the Reich church introduction?

A
  • Hitler supporting pastors were allowed to continue providing hurch services
  • some swastikas were displayed in churches
  • Nazis insisted Jews not be baptised and Jewish teachings from the Old Testament excluded
73
Q

What were the main three ways the Nazis controlled and influenced attitudes of the German public?

A
  • Censorship
  • propaganda
  • controlling culture and the Arts
74
Q

What was Goebbel’s title given to him in 1933?

A

Minister of People’s Enlightenment and Propaganda

75
Q

What was Goebbel’s attitude towards propaganda?

A

Bury Nazi messages and attitudes deep in his propaganda so that people didn’t even know their attitudes were being changed

76
Q

How many of the Gestapo’s investigations stemmed from voluntary denouncations?

A

80%

77
Q

How many newspapers were closed down in 1935 alone?

A

1,600

78
Q

How were the press controlled by the Nazis?

A
  • Given refular briefings as to the information the government was willing to release
  • given instructions about what to write
  • told what they could not publish
79
Q

What did Goebbel’s do to radio stations in 1933?

A

Put them under Nazi control

80
Q

What was the name of the mass produced cheap radios the nazis sold?

A

Peoples Receiver

81
Q

How many homes had a radio by 1939?

A

70%

82
Q

Other than homes, where else were speakers and radios placed?

A

Cafes, factories, shops, schools, streets, squares

83
Q

How were radios designed to not pick up foreign stations?

A

Radios had short range

84
Q

Nuremburg was on of the sites for what form of Nazi propaganda?

A

Rallies and Parades

85
Q

How many party supporters were at the 1934 Nuremburg rally?

A

200,000

86
Q

How was sport nazified under Nazi control?

A
  • Stadiums were covered with Nazi symbols
  • all teams were instructed to give straight arm salute during anthem
  • sports victories were hailed as victories for Nazi ideals
87
Q

What major sporting event did Berlin host in 1936?

A

Berlin Olympics

88
Q

How were the Berlin Olympics a success for the Nazi party?

A
  • Largest Olympic stadium built at the time decked out with swastikas
  • events run efficiently and well organised
  • Germany won the most medals (33)
  • Games were filmed by Leni Rifenstahl
  • Reich Press Chamber controlled press about Olympics before offical report
89
Q

When was the Reich Chamber of Culture set up?

A

September 1933

90
Q

What were the intentions behind the Reich Chamber of Culture?

A

To make sure cultural activities were consistent with Nazi ideas. Consistent Gleichschaltung

91
Q

What was set up from the Reich Chamber of Culture for the arts?

A

Reich Chamber of Visual Arts

92
Q

How many paintings and sculptures were removed from galleries in 1936?

A

12,000

93
Q

How many artists were accepted to the compulsory Reich Chamber of Visual arts?

A

42,000

94
Q

What happened if an artist was not a member of the Reich Chamber of Visual arts?

A

They were forbidden to teach, produce or sell art

95
Q

Which group checked up on artists to make sure they followed the rules?

A

SS

96
Q

What styles of architechture did the Nazis dislike?

A
  • Modernist

- Futuristic

97
Q

Who was a popular architect amongst the Nazi party?

A

Albert Speer

98
Q

What did the Nazis like about Albert Speer’s architechture?

A
  • Buildings were big so appeared powerful and permanent
  • Buildings had features from the Greeks and Romans so appeared grand and historic
  • buildings were decorated with Nazi flags
99
Q

What types of music were censored?

A
  • Jazz music
  • Blues
  • Swing
  • All works of black people and inferior people
100
Q

What types of music were promoted?

A
  • German folk

- Classical (e.g. Beethoven and Bach)

101
Q

How many writers were officially banned?

A

2,500

102
Q

What happened to the banned and non-Nazi books ?

A

They were burned in large public bonfires

103
Q

When was the famous Berlin book burning where 2000 books were burned?

A

May 1933

104
Q

What was shown before every film in the cinema?

A

A 45 minute newreel highlighting Germany’s success

105
Q

Who had to approve all plot details before a film was released?

A

Goebbels

106
Q

How many films did the Nazis produce themselves?

A

1,300

107
Q

What happened in the Nazi film Hitlerjunge Quex?

A

A young member of the Nazi party is killed by communists

108
Q

When was the PEL set up?

A

1933

109
Q

What was the PEL?

A

Pastors’ Emergency League set up by a group of pastors including Martin Niemoller

110
Q

What did the PEL set up? When?

A

Confessing Church - 1934

111
Q

How many pastors joined the Confessing Church?

A

6000

112
Q

How many pastors were in the Reich Church?

A

2000

113
Q

How many pastors were arrested and sent to concentration camps from the Confessing Church?

A

808

114
Q

How many Catholic priests were imprisoned for dissidency?

A

400

115
Q

What was Niemoller opposed to?

A
  • Nazi interference with the running of Protestant CHurches

- Bans on Jews becoming christians and the other restrictions upon them

116
Q

When was Niemoller arrested and sent to Sachsenhausen?

A

1937

117
Q

How many Prussian pastors were arrested in 1935?

A

700

118
Q

How many catholics were there in 1939 in Germany?

A

19 million

119
Q

Which Bishop asked God to bless Hitler in 1936?

A

Bishop Galen

120
Q

What was the name of the working-class teen opposition to the Nazi party?

A

Edelweiss Pirates

121
Q

What did the Edelweiss Pirates do to oppose the Nazi regime?

A
  • Stressed freedom
  • Wore longer hair
  • Copied American style clothing
  • Taunted and attacked Hitler Youth
  • mocked Nazis
  • sang songs
122
Q

What was the name of the wealthier middle-class youth opposition to the Nazi party?

A

Swing Youth and Jazz Youth

123
Q

How did the Swing youth oppose the Nazi regime?

A
  • Wore American clothes
  • Watched American films
  • Listened to illegally imported swing music
  • organised illegal dances
124
Q

How many people attended the illegally organised dances by the Swing Youth?

A

up to 6000

125
Q

What was the membership figure for the Edelweiss Pirates by 1939?

A

2000

Edexcel GCSE History- Weimar and Nazi Germany (7 decks)

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