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Edexcel GCSE History- Weimar and Nazi Germany > Life in Nazi Germany > Flashcards

Life in Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Nazi attitude towards how women should look?

A

Should look ‘natural’
Long skirts
Tied back hair or plaits
Healthy and sporty

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2
Q

What was the Nazi attitude towards women and employment?

A
  • Wanted women to stay at home
  • Men wear the main earners
  • Disapproved of women in professions such as medicine and law
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3
Q

What was the Nazi attitude towards to women and family?

A
  • Birth rates should increase
  • Women should marry and have as many kids as possible
  • Life should be devoted to raising family
  • Stressed importance of housecraft, needlework and cookery
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4
Q

Who was the Reich Women’s Leader?

A

Gertrud Scholtz-Klink

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5
Q

What Nazi organisation were all women’s organisations forced to merge with?

A

German Women’s Enterprise / DFW

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6
Q

How many members did the DFW have?

A

6 million

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7
Q

What did the DFW do?

A

Conduct activities which spread Nazi ideologies

ie. Nazi courses on childcare, cooking and sewing

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8
Q

How many women had attended Nazi courses by 1937?

A

1.7 million

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9
Q

When was the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage introduced?

A

1933

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10
Q

What was the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage?

A
  • Provide 1,000 mark loans to newly married couples
  • Only available if women stopped work and stayed at home
  • For each child born by the couple, 250 marks of the loan was written off
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11
Q

When were the divorce laws changed?

A

1938

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12
Q

What did the change to the divorce laws mean?

A

If a woman could not or would not have children or had an abortion, this was grounds for divorce by the husband

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13
Q

What was the Mother’s Cross?

A

An award given to women dependent on the number of children they had:
Bronze - 4
Silver - 6
Gold - 8

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14
Q

What honour did mothers who wore a gold cross get?

A

A Hitler Youth salute

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15
Q

What was the fountain of life program called?

A

Lebensborn

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16
Q

When were the lebensborn camps introduced?

A

1935

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17
Q

What happened at the lebensborn camps?

A
  • provided nurseries and financial aid of women who had children with SS men
  • encouraged single women to breed with SS men for gentic purity
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18
Q

How many mothers gave birth due to one lebens born home?

A

540

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19
Q

Aside from marriage loans, what else did women with children recieve?

A

Monthly payments

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20
Q

What were the three ‘ks’ that women were told to focus on?

A

Kinder, Kuche, Kirche

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21
Q

What professions were women banned from in 1933?

A

Professional posts such as teachers, doctors and civil servants

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22
Q

How many women had given up work by the end of 1934?

A

360,000

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23
Q

From 1936, what professions were women forbidden to become?

A

Lawyers, Judges or members of the jury

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24
Q

When were grammar schools for girls banned?

A

1937

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25
Q

How many less females were in higher education in 1939 compared to 1932?

A

11,000

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26
Q

How did the Nazis enforce their attitudes towards how women should look?

A

Through propaganda

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27
Q

How many women were in work in 1933? 1939?

A

1933 - 5 million

1939 - 7 million

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28
Q

How many marriages were there in 1932? 1934?

A

1932 - 516,000

1934 - 740,000

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29
Q

Did the birth rate increase between 1932 and 1939?

A

YES

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30
Q

What were set up and given to women after childbirth?

A

Recouperation homes

Food parcels and groceries and baby items were given to them

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31
Q

When was it made compulsory for all young germans to join Nazi youth groups?

A

March 1939

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32
Q

When did Hitler ban almost all non-Nazi youth groups?

A

1933

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33
Q

What happened to sport facilities in 1936?

A

They were taken over by the Hitler Youth

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34
Q

What was the Nazi Youth group for boys aged 6-10?

A

Little Fellows

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35
Q

What was the Nazi Youth group for boys aged 10-14?

A

German Young People

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36
Q

What was the Nazi Youth group for boys aged 14-18?

A

Hitler Youth

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37
Q

How did the Hitler Youth indoctrinate the young?

A
  • Members had to swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler
  • Had to attend residential courses were they were told about Nazi ideas
  • Members received lessons about things such as ‘German Heroes’, ‘The Evil of the Jews’
  • Members had to report anyone disloyal to th Nazis
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38
Q

What physical training did the Hitler Youth receive?

A
  • Regular camping and hiking expeditions
  • Sports clubs were run by Hitler Youth
  • Hitler Youth ran regional and national sport competitions
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39
Q

How were Hitler Youth members trained to be in the armed forces?

A
  • Pactised skills useful to troops, such as map reading and signalling
  • By 1938, 1.2 million boys were being trained in small arms shooting
  • separate military divisions for specialist training were set up
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40
Q

What were the specialist divisions in the Hitler Youth?

A
  • Naval Hitler Youth
  • Motor Hitler Youth
  • Gliding Hitler Youth
  • Flying Hitler Youth
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41
Q

What were the Hitler youth groups for girls?

A

10-14 Young Maidens

14-21 League of German Maidens (BDM)

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42
Q

What were the similarities between the BDM and Hitler Youth?

A
  • Political activities, e.g. lessons, oaths, rallies

- Physical and character building activities, e.g. camping and marching

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43
Q

What training did the BDM receive that was different to the Hitler Youth?

A
  • Cooking, ironing, sewing and other general housewife activities
  • importance of racial hygeine; marrying Aryan men and having pure children
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44
Q

What objections did parents have with the Youth groups?

A
  • Time children spent with them

- The trachings of loyalty to the stae and not with the family

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45
Q

Which Nazi was made education minister in 1934?

A

Bernhard Rust

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46
Q

What law did Rust pass in April 1933?

A

The ability for the Nazis to sack teachers and headteachers they didn’t approve of

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47
Q

How many Prussian headteachers were sacked by Rust?

A

180

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48
Q

What organisation was set up for teachers?

A

Nazi Teachers’ League

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49
Q

How many teachers had attended the Nazi Teachers’ League courses by 1939?

A

200,000

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50
Q

What were teachers forced to do?

A
  • swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler

- join the Nazi Teachers’ League

51
Q

How was school life nazified?

A
  • Teachers taught students the Nazi salute
  • Children started and ended each lesson saying ‘Heil Hitler’
  • Nazi posters and flags decorated classrooms
52
Q

How much more time was given to PE and sport in the curriculum?

A

Double the time

53
Q

From when did all textbooks have to be approved by the Nazis?

A

1935

54
Q

What new subject was introduced to the school curriculum?

A

Race Studies

55
Q

How were traditional subjects changed in the curriculum?

A
  • Adapted to be more relevant to a Nazi society or vehicles for Nazi ideas
  • History was adapted to describe the Weimar Republic as a failure
  • Mein Kampf was made a compulsory text
56
Q

What new parts of the curriculum were introduced for the girls?

A

Domestic science (e.g.cookery and needlework)

57
Q

When was the Law for the Restoration of the Civil Service passed?

A

April 1933

58
Q

What did the Law for the Restoration of the Civil Service state?

A

Civil servants will be dismissed if they are not aryan, qualified or disloyal supporters of the Nazi party

59
Q

How many people were unemployed when Hitler came to power?

A

5 million

60
Q

How many people were unemployed in 1939?

A

0.3 million

61
Q

When was RAD set up?

A

1933

62
Q

What does RAD stand for?

A

National Labour Service

63
Q

When was RAD made compulsory for 6 moths?

A

1935

64
Q

How many people were in the National Labour Service in 1935?

A

422,000

65
Q

What work did the RAD do?

A
  • provided workers for public works

- e.g. repaired roads, planted trees and drained marshes

66
Q

Why was the RAD unpopular?

A
  • Organised like an army
  • workers wore uniforms, lived in camps
  • military drills and parades were conducted
  • poor food and conditions
  • very low pay
67
Q

How many men were employed by 1935 with the Autobahn project?

A

125,000

68
Q

How much money was spent on public works in 1933? 1938?

A
  • 18 billion marks

- 38 billion marks

69
Q

What public work schemes were there other than the autobahn project?

A

Public buildings, bridges, coastal walls and sports facilities

70
Q

How did the public works projects reduce unemployment?

A
  • Created many jobs in the construction industry
  • Better roads and bridges meant quicker and cheaper transport
  • Industry and agriculture boosted which created more jobs
71
Q

What was the government spending on arms in 1933? 1939?

A

1933 - 3.5 billion marks

1939 - 26 million marks

72
Q

How many people were employed in the aircraft construction industry by 1935?

A

72,000

73
Q

When was military conscription introduced?

A

1935

74
Q

How many men were in the armed forces by 1939?

A

1,360,000

75
Q

How did the Nazi’s hide unemployment?

A
  • Women and Jews did not show up in figures
  • People in RAD did not show up either
  • SA, SS and Gestapo were ‘employed’
  • 1.3 million armed forces who would need a job in peace time
  • Many people were put in prison
  • Public Works as too expensive for a long time to maintain
  • Changed statistics so those in part time jobs counted as employed
76
Q

What was affecting unemployment globally?

A

Wall Street Crash and Great Depression

77
Q

How much had wages risen by in 1939 from 1933?

A

20%

78
Q

How much did the sale of goods rise by in 1939 from 1933?

A

45%

79
Q

How much did food prices rise between 1933 and 1939?

A

20%

80
Q

How did the length of the workung week change between 1933 and 1939?

A

Went from 43 hours to 49 hours

81
Q

What replaced all the banned trade unions in 1933?

A

The Labour Front (DAF)

82
Q

What did the DAF set out?

A
  • the rights of workers in the workplace
  • maximum length of the working week
  • minimum pay levels
83
Q

Why were workers worse off under the DAF?

A
  • Workers lost the right to negotiate improvements in pay and conditions with their employers
  • Working week went up by 6 hours
  • DAF could punish workers who disrupted production
84
Q

What division of the DAF was designed to improve the standard of living of workers?

A

Strength through Joy (KdF)

85
Q

How many members did the KdF have by 1936?

A

35 million

86
Q

What did the KdF do?

A

Provided leisure activities for the workers:

  • sports events, films, theatre shows
  • outings and foreign travel
87
Q

How many people in the Berlin area took part in the holidays by the KdF?

A

700,000

88
Q

How many theatre performance events took place in the Berlin area through the KdF?

A

21,000

89
Q

What was the Volkswagen scheme?

A

Where members of KdF were encouraged to give five marks per week of their wages which would entitle them to a Volkswagen car

90
Q

Did the Volkswagen scheme work?

A
  • Factories were set up but switched to armaments

- So no one got the car but the government got the money

91
Q

What was the division of the KdF whoch strove to improve working facilities?

A

Beauty of Labour (SdA)

92
Q

What did the SdA do?

A
  • Campaigned to get employers to privde better facilities for workers
  • SdA gave employers tax breaks to help with building and decorating costs
93
Q

How many companies did the Nazi party claim to have improved their facilities?

A

34,000

94
Q

What were the disdavantages with the SdA?

A

Employers expected the workers to do the building and decorating themselves, after work hours at no extra pay. Some were even threatened dismissal if not

95
Q

What were the main two Nazi racist beliefs?

A
  • Eugenics

- Racial Hygeine

96
Q

What was the heirachy of races Hitler sent out in Mein Kampf?

A
  • Aryan race is superior - Herrenvolk
  • other races were untermenschen
  • Gypsies and Jews were the worst untermenschen, later called Lebensunwertes
97
Q

How were Slavs treated by the Nazis?

A
  • School lessons taught of their inferiority and need to be treated differently
  • Nazi propaganda taught they were Untermenschen
  • Nazis threatened to invade Slavic coutries for Lebensraum
98
Q

How were the Gypsies treated by the Nazis?

A
  • After 1933, they were arrested as social nuisances and sent to concentration camps
  • From 1936, they were forced to live in special camps
  • In 1938, they were banned from travelling in groups
  • they were put on a register and tested for racial characteristics, if they failed they would lose citizenship and social benefits
  • In 1939, orders given to prepare them for deportation
99
Q

How many homosexuals were imprisoned in 1934? 1938?

A

1934 - 766

1938 - 8,000

100
Q

Homosexuals were often sent to concentration camps, how many died there?

A

5,000

101
Q

How were homosexuals medically treated?

A

Encouraged to be castrated

102
Q

What law was passed to stop ‘diseased offspring’ in 1933?

A

The Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseased Offspring

103
Q

What did the Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseased Offspring make compulsory?

A

Serilisation for mentally ill, alcoholic, deformed, epileptic, deaf or blind people

104
Q

How many people were sterilised in 1939?

A

4,000

105
Q

What was the T4 programme?

A

A programme introduced to kill babies with severe physical or mental disabilities by starvation or lethal overdose

106
Q

What were Jews banned from in April 1933?

A

Government jobs and existing civil servants and teachers were sacked

107
Q

What were Jews banned from in September 1933?

A

Inheriting Land

108
Q

What were Jews banned from in May 1935?

A

the army

109
Q

What regulations did some local governments put in place against Jews?

A
  • From 1934, Jews were banned from parks and swimming pools

- Separate yellow park benches were set up for Jews

110
Q

When did the official boycott of Jewish businesses, doctors and lawyers begin?

A

1st April 1933

111
Q

When were the Nuremburg laws passed?

A

September 1935

112
Q

What were the two Nuremburg laws against Jews?

A
  • Reich Law of Citizenship

- Reich Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour

113
Q

What was the Reich Law of Citizenship?

A
  • Only those of German blood could be German citizens
  • Jews became German ‘subjects’, not citizens
  • Jews lost rights of citizenship, rights to vote and the right to hold government office or German passports
114
Q

What was the Reich Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour?

A
  • Forbade Jews from marrying German citizens

- Forbade sexual relations between Jews and German citizens

115
Q

From when did Jews have to carry identity cards?

A

July 1938

116
Q

When did Jews have to register all their possessions, making it easier to confiscate them?

A

March 1938

117
Q

What happened on the 7th November 1938?

A

Polish Jew from Hanover, Herschel Grynszpan, shot a German in the German embassy in Paris

118
Q

What did Goebbel’s order in response to the shooting of Ernst vom Rath?

A
  • the local papers of Hanover to print articles condemning the Paris shooting
  • SA, SS and Gestapo attack local synagogues and houses of local Jew
119
Q

How did Hitler and Goebbels respond to Rath’s death on the 9th November 1938?

A
  • Decided to turn the events in Hannover nationwide
  • Nazi leaders were encouraged to arrange attacks on Jews
  • Police were told not to prevent any violence towards Jews
  • SS were instructed to arrest as many Jews as possible
120
Q

How many homes, shops and synagogues were destroyed during Kristallnacht according to offical reports?

A

814 shops
171 homes
191 synagogues

121
Q

How many jews were killed in Kristallnacht?

A

100

122
Q

What were the consequences for the Jews after Kristallnacht?

A
  • Blamed for events
  • Fined 1 billion marks to pay for damage
  • By 12th November, 20,000 Jews had been sent to concentration camps
123
Q

What was set up in January 1939 to prepare Jews for deportation?

A

The Reich Office for Jewish Emmigration

124
Q

How many gypsies and Jews had been killed by the end of WW2?

A

6 million Jews

200,000 Gypsies

Edexcel GCSE History- Weimar and Nazi Germany (7 decks)

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