Navy reforms

Question 1

What year was HMS Victory given a full refit by the Navy?

Answer 1

1799

Question 2

What was the name of the naval reformer in the 1830s?

Answer 2

➢ Sir James Graham

Question 3

Can you name the first 2 steam paddle boats launched by the Royal Navy?

Answer 3

➢ HMS Medea & HMS Galdiator

Question 4

What was significant about the HMS

Warrior and when was it launched?

Answer 4

➢ First Royal Navy “Ironclad” battleship – launched 1860

Question 5

What was significant about HMS Agamemnon?

Answer 5

 First Navy Battle ship to be steam powered.

Question 6

What was the name of the navy ship set up as a gunnery school by Graham in 1830s?

Answer 6

 HMS Excellent

Question 7

What was significant about HMS Devastation and when was it launched?

Answer 7

 Launched 1871, had no masts on deck – entirely steam powered.

Question 8

How did the increased range of artillery affect the design of ships?

Answer 8

 Guns were mounted on turrets on deck rather than in rows below deck, ended broadside attacks

Question 9

What was the 2 power standard and when was it formally adopted by Britain as foreign policy?

Answer 9

 Policy to maintain a navy equal in size to the next 2 largest navies. Formally adopted in 1889.

Question 10

What was the name of the warship launched in 1906 which significantly outclassed all prior warships and led to a naval race with Germany?

Answer 10

 HMS Dreadnought

Question 11

What was a Royal Navy “ironclad” ship?

Answer 11

 Ship with a wooden hull but covered in iron sheets

Question 12

How many 12 inch guns did HMS dreadnought have on deck, and how far could it fire shells?

Answer 12

 10 guns, range of 18000 yards.

Question 13

How many battleships did Britain have by 1817?

Answer 13

 13, most had been decommissioned following the end of the Napoleonic wars.

Question 14

What was the name of the navy ship set up as a gunnery school by Graham in 1830s?

Answer 14

 HMS Excellent

Question 15

How many years were officers required to have experience before becoming captains after the 1832 Graham reforms?

Answer 15

 2 years

Question 16

How did Graham reorganise the victualising board and the dockyards at Portsmouth and Plymouth?

Answer 16

 Transferred control from civilian authorities to the navy.

Question 17

What was the name of the reforms from the 1780s which required carronades to be fitted onto British Battleships, gun lock firing mechanisms and coppered the fleet?

Answer 17

 Middleton reforms

Question 18

Graham Reforms

Answer 18

1832
First set of changes since Trafalgar
Built new battleships by refitting existing ships
Created Gunnery school HMS Excellent
Starts change from sail to steam
Changes to victualising board - control from civilian authorities to navy

Question 19

Fisher Reforms

Answer 19

1906-1914
Modernised the navy beyond recognition - made workers on ships train in all roles before choosing a specific job in order to create respect.
Created Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve so that Britain had a large reserve to call upon for the war
Designed new battle cruisers - had a hand in designing the Dreadnoughts and the battle cruisers
Really wanted submarines but was rejected
Put all ships on the atlantic and the channel with German threat in mind
Scraps two power standard
Sells ships to raise money to improve other ones as limited budget

Question 20

Sail to steam

Answer 20

Deeply conservative sea lords that were suspicious of steam power
Graham oversaw the steam ships
Industrial revolution enables the development of steam power
People hesitant to change as HMS Victory won Trafalgar with sail power
1852 - HMS Agamemnon first steam powered battle ship but still has sails
1871 - HMS Devastation completely steam powered with no sails
Parsons turbine - more power out than what you put in, not that heavy - ship can move faster and leaves room for more weapons and men.
Combat becomes much quicker because battleships are more manoeuvrable

Question 21

Wood to Iron

Answer 21

When sail to steam developed, due to physics (wooden hulls could only carry their equal weight) wood to iron advances were needed. Guns were also increasing in weight and new high explosive shells could destroy wooden ships.
1860 - HMS Warrior first fully iron clad ship.
Dreadnoughts are made of steel
Changes in weaponry is the biggest reason for wood to iron as ships needed to be stronger to hold in battle.