Financing, Home Front and Recruitmemt

Question 1

Financing The French Wars

Answer 1

Cost around £1600 million
Funded by Britain’s coalition allies
To cover this expense they used trade in the Empire, taxes raised and income tax (abolished by the Treaty of Amiens). Also taxes on horses, tobaccos, teas and spirits. Gov offered stocks and shares to the public and the London stock exchange opened in 1802. They also borrowed money and got funding by rich beneficiaries such as the Rothschild family. The public was not willing to support the war - riots and attacks on the King and PM.

Question 2

Financing the Crimean War

Answer 2

Didn’t spend enough money on Crimea - for eg problems with supplies and medical care. Gov did the bare minimum. Public would contribute if they could but they weren’t aware of the issues in Crimea.

Question 3

Financing the Boer War

Answer 3

They only set aside money for two months of war but it turned into THREE YEARS. They spent £250 million overall.

Question 4

Financing the FWW

Answer 4

Cost £7.1 Billion
Country went into massive debt because a lot of money was borrowed - esp from the USA - through bonds (promise to pay them back with interest). Also funded through income tax and DORA. Got money from the Indian princes and also expected public donations through war bonds and tank banks.

Question 5

Recruitment French Wars

Answer 5

Recruiting sergeants use trickery and also take people from the prison (scum of the earth), and press gangs. Also rely on coalitions.

Question 6

Recruitment Boer War

Answer 6

Because of industrialisation at home men preferred to work in the factories at home until Cardwells reforms that made the army seem lit. After Black Week increase in soldiers. The quantity is high but quality is low (malnourished). Purchase system is gone.

Question 7

Recruitment of FWW

Answer 7

Four armies with 6 million throughout; BEF, TA, volunteers and conscription army. They also use soldiers from empire colonies. They use propaganda (Kitchener posters) and patriotism as well as the pals battalion.

Question 8

Home Front in French Wars

Answer 8

Poor people suffered
Parish Relief of 1795 that supplemented workers wages out of Parish funds - church gives them money to stop inflation caused suffering. Farming revolution was spurned on by war time demands and farmers benefitted. But farm workers suffered because machines were replacing them. Industrial revolution began in Britain before the French Wars and continued to boom throughout - making weaponry.

Question 9

Home Front in Crimean War

Answer 9

In Britain the events were perceived as an excellent, popular war by the press, the general public, and the armed forces. Florence Nightingale achieved the public’s demand for a professionalisation of medicine.

Question 10

Home Front during Boer War

Answer 10

Didn’t really affect them but they were eager to keep informed eg posters, small cards and cigarettes packets with the generals on them (and Boers for the civilians that were pro Boer).

Question 11

Home Front FWW

Answer 11

Began in a mood of patriotic optimism
Anti gov groups ended their militant campaigns and supported the war too
DORA was placed on all countries in the Empire including Britain - restricted information, censorship and no newspapers that were anti war.
Total war - affects every aspect of daily life, rationing, lower wages, longer hours eg.
Women work
Shell scandal 1915 (private companies that produced ammunition raised prices as gov were desperate to buy) led to the munitions of war act that allowed the gov to have control of factories.
Lloyd George in control after the shell shortage - starts the national government - before his influence only 30,000 shells being produced per month after one million per month.