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Navigation Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main electronic nav aid in use today?

A

VOR

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2
Q

What frequency does the VOR operate on?

A

108-117.96MHz

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3
Q

Two signals are transmitted for a 360 degree signal with a phase difference.

A

T

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4
Q

When are the two signals “in phase”

A

360

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5
Q

What are the signals called that VORs transmit?

A

Radials

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6
Q

Each dot in the VOR receiver is how many degrees?

A

2 degrees

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7
Q

What does a VOR receiver do if no signal is being received?

A

A flag is displayed

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8
Q

What are the advantages for VOR?

4 things

A
  • not effected by weather
  • Accurate radials
  • two VORS can provide a fix
  • Accurate instrument approaches
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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of VOR?

A

Range limited line of site

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10
Q

What is a TACAN?

A

Military version of VOR/DME

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11
Q

What is the frequency band of TACAN?

A

960-1215MHz

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12
Q

What are the hurts of the two components of TACAN?

A

15Hz

135Hz

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13
Q

What are TACANs co-located with?

A

VOR

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14
Q

What are TACAN/VOR known as?

A

VORTAC

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15
Q

If the antenna of a TACAN fails what signal can’t be used?

A

Azimuth

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16
Q

In the VORTAC which part performs the function of a DME?

A

The TACAN.

No need for a separate, co-located DME

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17
Q

Because the rotation of the antenna creates a large portion of the azimuth signal, if the antenna fails, the azimuth component is no longer available and the TACAN downgrades to?

A

A DME only Mode

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18
Q

How does the DME operate?

A

By transmitting and receiving paired pulses from the Ground station

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19
Q

The transmitter in the aircraft sends out very narrow pulses at a frequency of about?

A

1,000MHz

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20
Q

What frequency does DME operate in?

A

UHF wave band

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21
Q

How accurate is DME?

A

1 nm

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22
Q

What error does DME suffer from?

A

Slant error.

15nm DME can no longer be used

23
Q

Why are DMEs in two frequencies for interrogator and transponder?

A

To avoid a/c interrogating each other

24
Q

How does a DME work?

A
  • Interrogator transmits
  • Transponder replies
  • computer works out range from elapsed time between signals
  • Indicator shows range on digital or linear display
25
Q

The antenna used for transmission and reception is a?

A

Small shark fin mounted on the underside of the aircraft.

26
Q

Modern DME receivers incorporate digital readout of frequency, Distance from DME station and can automatically calculate the aircraft’s groundspeed. True or False?

27
Q

A DME displays?

A

Slant range in nautical miles

28
Q

What are the advantages of DME?

A
  • VOR/DME installation can be used to make an IAP
  • Simple to use/ calculate groundspeed
  • Obtain a fix from 2 DMEs
29
Q

What are the disadvantages of the DME ?

A

Only gives slant range

Not accurate at high altitudes over DME station

30
Q

What is ILS?

A

A precision runway approach that provides accurate guidance in both azimuth and elevation.

31
Q

Why does the ILS consist of?

A

A localiser Transmitter
Glidepath Transmitter
Marker beacons or NDB
Approach lighting system

32
Q

Where is the localiser situated?

A

Upwind of the runway 300m for the threshold.

33
Q

Where is the glidepath situated?

A

300m for the landing threshold and offset 100-200m form the centre line.

34
Q

How far are the
Outer marker
Middle marker
Inner Marker

A

3-6nm
900-1200m
300-450m

35
Q

What frequency does the localiser transmit on?

A

VHF 108.1-111.95MHz

36
Q

What is the range of coverage for a localiser?

A

35 degrees either side up to 17nm and 10 degrees either side up to 25nm

37
Q

What frequency does the Glide path operate on?

A

UHF 329.3-335MHz

38
Q

What is the coverage of the Glide path?

A

Horizontally 8 degrees either side of the centre line for 10nm and below 0.45xGP and 1.75xGP above.

39
Q

List the different ILS categories

A

-Cat 1
- Lower than standard Cat 1
-CAT2
-Other than standard CAT2
- CAT3:
A
B
C

40
Q

What are are the minimum heights/ visibility for CAT 1?

A

DH 200ft

Vis not less than 800m

RVR not less than 550m

41
Q

What are are the minimum heights/ visibility for lower than standard CAT 1?

A

DH 200ft

RVR 400m

42
Q

What are are the minimum heights/ visibility for CAT 2?

A

DH 200-100ft

RVR 350m

43
Q

What are are the minimum heights/ visibility for other than CAT 2?

A

DH 200-100ft

RVR 350m

Used if some/ all Precision approach lights are out.

44
Q

What are are the minimum heights/ visibility for CAT 3A?

A

DH 100ft

RVR 200m

45
Q

What are are the minimum heights/ visibility for CAT 3B?

A

DH 50ft

RVR 200-75m

46
Q

What are are the minimum heights/ visibility for CAT 3C?

A

No limitations

47
Q

What does the localiser do?

A

Provides lateral guidance

48
Q

What does the glidepath do?

A

Provides vertical guidance to the pilot during landing

49
Q

What are the advantages of ILS?

A

1) Pilot interpreted and easy to use
2) Precision approaches possible
3) can be couples to auto-pilot for automatic approach and landings

50
Q

What are the disadvantages of ILS?

A

Subject to interference from local VHF stations

Reflections from other ground facilities can cause false glide paths

Shortage of frequencies

51
Q

What does MLS stand for?

A

Microwave Landing System

52
Q

How does MLS work?

A

Uses passive arrays to send scanning beams towards aircraft.

Aircraft uses a receiver to calculate its position by measuring the arrival time s of beams.

Provides azimuth, elevation, and distance as well as back azimuth, from missed approach

53
Q

What is the MLS coverage?

A

60 degrees either side of centre line to 14 nm

40 degrees either side of centre line to 20nm

54
Q

What is the max vertical

Coverage of MLS?

A

30 degrees maximum limit

15 degrees

Aircraft (13 decks)

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