Navigation Flashcards
How does the FMGC compute radio position?
IRS DME/DME.
Can you turn the ADR OFF and still have the IR?
Yes.
How does the manual tuning work?
The crew can use the MCDU to override the FMGCs automatic selection and tuning of navaids and select a specific navaid for visual display.
How many GPS receivers are installed?
The aircraft has two independent GPS receivers. Each GPS receiver is integrated in a modular avionic unit called MMR (Multi Mode Receiver) GPS 1 receiver in MMR1 nas GPS 2 receiver in MMR2.
When is the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) active?
The GPWS is embedded in the T2CAS system (Terrain and Traffic Collision Avoidance system) and generates aural and visual warnings between radio altitudes 10 and 2450ft.
During a turnaround you notice that there is a residual ground speed on both ND’s. How do you correct this?
It is possible to carry out a rapid alignment by turning off all three ADIRS momentarily.
The weather radar image can be displayed on which modes of the ND?
All modes except PLAN.
How does the BACK UP TUNING work?
If both FMGCs fail the flight crew can use the Radio Management Panels RMP 1 and 2 on the pedestal for back up tuning. The CAPT RMP controls VOR 1 and ADF 1 the F/O RMP controls VOR 2 and ADF 2.
How many parts does each Air Data and Inertial Reference System (ADIRS) have?
Each ADIRU is divided in two parts either of which can work separately in case of failure in the other: The ADR part which supplies barometric altitude airspeed mach angle of attack temperature and overspeed warnings. The IR part which supplies attitude flight pathvector track heading accelerations angular rates ground speed and aircraft position.
With the DATA selector set to HDG the time remaining until the completed IRS alignment is displayed on the control display. How long does is normally take?
Approximately 10 minutes.
When are windshear alerts inhibited?
At takeoff alerts are inhibited above 100 knots and up to 50 feet. During landing alerts are inhibited below 50 feet.
What kind of information is displayed on the Integrated Standby Instrument System (ISIS)?
Attitude airspeed and mach altitude barometric pressure LS function and bugs.
What kind of information are supplied by the Air Data and Inertial Reference System (ADIRS)?
The ADIRS supplies temperature anemometric barometric and inertial parameters.
An ILS approach is being carried out. Which ILS information is currently provided to the captain?
ILS1 on the PFD and ILS2 on the ND (if selected).
How does the Predictive Windshear System (PWS) operate?
The system scans the airspace within a range of 5 NM ahead of the aircraft for windshears. Below 1500 feet when the system detects a windshear depending on the range selected on teh ND a warning caution or advisory message appears on the ND. Predictive windshear warnings and cautions are associated with an aural warning.
What occurs in case of one GPS failure?
If one GPS receiver fails the three ADIRU‘s automatically select the only operative GPS receiver.
When does the Predictive Windshear System (PWS) operate?
The PWS operates when the PWS switch is in AUTO position (even if the weather radar is OFF) and the aircraft is below 2300 feet AGL and ATC is switched to ON or AUTO or XPdR or XPNDR position (depending on the ATC panel) and either engine is running.
What are the basic functions of the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)?
Mode 1 - Excessive rate of decent
Mode 2 -Excessive terrain closure rate
Mode 3 -Altitude loss after takeoff or go-around
Mode 4 -Unsafe terrain clearance when nor in landing configuration
Mode 5 -Too far below glideslope
SYS pb
(GPWS panel)
- OFF
- FAULT Light
OFF:
All basic GPWS alerts (Mode 1 to 5) are inhibited.
FAULT LT:
This amber light comes on, along with an ECAM caution, if the basic GPWS mode 1 to 5 malfunction.
G / S MODE pb
(GPWS panel)
- OFF
OFF: Glideslope mode (mode 5) is inhibited.
FLAP MODE pb
(GPWS panel)
- OFF
OFF: Flap mode (“TOO LOW FLAPS” mode 4) is inhibited. (To avoid nuisance warning in case of landing with flaps setting reduced).
LDG FLAP 3 pb
(GPWS panel)
- OFF
ON:
Flap mode is inhibited when FLAPS CONF 3 is selected (to avoid nuisance warning in case of landing in CONF 3). In this case, LDG MEMO displays FLAPS … 3 instead of “CONF… FULL.”
TERR pb
(GPWS panel)
- OFF
- FAULT Light
OFF:
Inhibits the Terrain Awareness Display (TAD) and Terrain Clearance Floor (TCF) modes. Does not affect basic modes.
If OFF is selected the ECAM caution NAV GPWS TERR DET FAULT is displayed.
FAULT LT:
TAD or TCF mode fails. The terrain is not shown on the ND. The basic GPWS mode 1 to 5 are still operative if the SYS pb OFF or FAULT lights are not illuminated.
PULL UP - GPWS pb
(Instrument panel)
- PULL UP Light
- GPWS Light
PULL UP:
Comes on red + specific voice alert when the second boundary of Mode 1 is penetrated, or when Mode 2, or any TAD or TCF alert is activated.
GPWS:
Comes on amber + specific voice warning when any other mode is activated.
TERR ON ND pb
(Instrument panel)
- ON
- OFF
ON: The terrain is displayed on the ND, if the: - TERR pb is selected ON, and - TERR FAULT light is not on. The ON light comes on.
OFF:
The terrain data is not displayed on the ND.
IR 1(2)(3) Mode Rotary Selector (ADIR Panel)
- OFF
- NAV
- ATT
OFF:
The ADIRU is not energized. ADR and IR data are not available.
NAV:
Supplies full inertial data to aircraft systems.
ATT: IR mode supplies only attitude and heading information, if the system loses its ability to navigate. The heading must be entered through the CDU keyboard and has to be reset frequently (about every 10 minutes).
IR 1 (2) (3) LT (ADIR Panel)
- FAULT Light
- ALIGN Light
FAULT:
With an ECAM caution when a fault affects the respective IR.
Steady: the respective IR is lost.
Flashing: the attitude and heading information may be recovered in ATT mode.
ALIGN:
Steady: the respective IR is operating normally in align mode.
Flashing IR alignment fault:
1. no present position entry after 10 min
2. difference between IR positions
3. difference between position at shutdown and entered position exceeds 1° of latitude or longitude.
4. movement during alignment
Extinguished: Alignment has been completed.
ON BAT LT
ADIR Panel
Comes on amber when one or more IRs is supplied only by the a/c battery. It also comes on for a few sec at the beginning of the alignment, but not for a fast realignment.
DATA selector knob
ADIR Panel
This knob selects the information to be displayed in the ADIRS display window.
TEST: The ENT and CLR buttons on the keyboard come on, and the display shows all 8’s.
TK/GS: The display shows true track and ground speed.
PPOS: The display shows present latitude and longitude
WIND: The display shows true wind direction and speed.
HDG: The display shows true heading and the minutes remaining until alignment is
completed.
STS: The display shows an action code.
SYS selector knob
(ADIR Panel)
- OFF
- 1.2.3
OFF:
The CDU display is not energized. ADIRS are still energized if the associated IR mode rotary selectors are not at OFF.
1.2.3:
System selected for data display.
ADR 1 (2) (3) pb (momentary action) (ADIR Panel)
- OFF
- FAULT Light
OFF:
Air data output disconnected.
FAULT:
This amber light comes on with an ECAM caution, if a fault is detected in the air data reference part.
What are the GPWS modes?
- Mode 1: Excessive descent rate (“Sink Rate”)
- Mode 2: Excessive terrain closure (“Terrain, Terrain”)
- Mode 3: Altitude loss after takeoff (“Don’t Sink”)
- Mode 4: Unsafe terrain clearance (“Too Low Flaps”, “Too Low Gear”)
- Mode 5: Excessive GS deviation (“Glideslope”)
What are the functions of the Flight Management Guidance Computers?
- Flight Guidance
- Flight Management
What are the 2 modes of flight guidance?
- Managed Guidance
- Selected Guidance
What is the Managed mode of flight guidance used for?
Long-term lateral, vertical and speed profiles as determined by the FMGS
What is the Selected mode of flight guidance used for?
Temporary lateral, vertical and speed commands as selected with the FCU
Does Selected or Managed Guidance have priority?
Selected Guidance has priority
What do dashes in the FCU display windows along with the adjacent white dot indicate?
FMGS Managed Guidance is in use
How is Selected Guidance engage?
Pull the appropriate selector knob
What are the main components of the FMGS?
- 2 FMGCs
- 2 MCDUs
- 1 FCU
- 2 FACs
What type of database is periodically updated in the FMGS?
Navigation database
What is the normal operational mode of the FMGS?
Dual mode, with one FMGS as master and the other FMGS as slave
How does autopilot selection influence master FMGS logic?
- If one autopilot is engaged, the respective FMGS is master
- If both autopilots are engaged, FMGS 1 will be the master
If an amber SELECT OFFSIDE RNG/MODE message is displayed on the ND what action should the crew take?
An FMGS has failed and both NDs must be set to the same mode and range (Single Mode)
What is the function of the Flight Control Unit?
- Permits short term interface between the pilot and FMGS
- Allows temporary modification of any flight parameter (HDG, SPD, ALT, V/S)
- Used to select operations modes of the autopilots, flight directors, and A/THR system
The LDG ELEV selector in the AUTO position does what?
The pressurization system uses the FMGS data to construct an optimized pressurization schedule
The LDG ELEV selector in the AUTO position does what?
The pressurization system uses the FMGS data to construct an optimized pressurization schedule
The LDG ELEV selector in the AUTO position does what?
The pressurization system uses the FMGS data to construct an optimized pressurization schedule
What are the 3 modes of FMGC operation?
- Independent (MCDU scratchpad displays - INDEPENDENT OPERATION)
- Single (ND displays - SELECT OFFSIDE RNG/MODE)
- Dual (Normal)
What input does each FMGC use for position determination?
A hybrid IRS/GPS position
If the NAV key is selected on either RMP, can the FMGC still auto tun navaids?
- NO. RMP now control the VOR/ILS receivers
- NAV key on RMP 3 has no effect
- Normal radio communication is still available
What is the difference between the magenta and blue target airspeeds?
- Magenta: Managed speed computed by the FMGC
- Blue: Selected speed on the FCU
What does it mean when the altitude digits change from green to amber?
The aircraft has descended below the MDA/DH entered into the FMGC
From what source does the pressurization system obtain landing elevation?
FMGC database
Can the crew modify data in the navigation database?
The crew has limited ability to create pilot stored navigational data
How do you determine the validity of the navigation database?
On the Aircraft Status page
What is the difference between the large and small fonts utilized in the MCDU?
- Large: Pilot entries and modifiable data
- Small: Default/computed non-modifiable data
What do amber box prompts on the MCDU indicate?
An entry is mandatory
After you input the destination and ILS information into the MCDU, what do you check for?
- After the LS pushbutton is pressed - green light
- ILS frequency and course on PFD
- ILS identifier once identified
- LOC and GS scales displayed on PFD
How do you normally enter Present Position into the IR?
- Insert the Lat/Long on the MCDU INIT page
- Then press Align IRS
When would a Takeoff Shift be entered on the PERF TO page?
When takeoff begins at a runway intersection
What occurs when managed NAV mode is engaged and the aircraft flies into the flight plan discontinuity?
NAV mode will be lost and the HDG/TRK mode engages
What displays or modes are available on the ND?
- Rose ILS
- Rose VOR
- Rose NAV
- ARC
- PLAN
If mode range data fails what should you expect to see on the ND?
ROSE NAV and 80 NM range
After pressing the APPR button, what do you check for?
- ILS- Blue LOC and GS in FMA
- RNAV- APP NAV and FINAL
Are the NAV 1 and 2 positions connected to a single bulb?
No, they are separate bulbs
When you turn the mode selectors to NAV, what are you looking for on the panel?
Ensure that each ADIRU has the ability to revert to the batteries by observing the BAT light illuminating for several seconds.
What does a flashing white ALIGN light mean?
- No present position entered within 10 minutes of NAV selection.
- Difference of 1 Degree Lat/Long between shutdown and entered position
- IR alignment fault
What does a flashing illumination of the amber IR “FAULT” light indicate?
Attitude and Heading may be recovered in ATT mode (you have lost the navigation portion)
What would be missing on the Captain’s PFD if IR 1 failed or was turned off?
Attitude and Navigation information.
What action would recover the attitude and navigation information?
Selecting CAPT 3 on the EIS switching panel ATT/HDG selector
Where do you enter the Zero Fuel Weight?
INIT B
When is WX/TURB mode available?
At ranges of 40 NM or less
What capabilities does the RADAR system have?
- Weather Avoidance
- Turbulence Detection
- Terrain Mapping
- Predictive Windshear Detection
Does predictive windshear detection work when the RADAR system is switched OFF?
Yes, if the Windshear switch is in AUTO
How many RADAR systems are installed?
1
When is Radio Height displayed on PFD?
Below 2500’ AGL
Information from ILS receiver 1 is displayed where?
- Captain’s PFD
- F/O’s ND
What would a flashing amber ILS indicate on the bottom of the PFD?
Flashes amber when APPR mode is armed and the LS display is not selected
With the loss of ADR 1 what would be lost on the Captain’s PFD?
Airspeed and Altitude information
What is the scanned area of the predictive windshear detection feature?
Up to 5 NM ahead of the aircraft when the aircraft is below 1500’ AGL
When are predictive windshear alerts inhibited?
- When on the ground above 100knots until reaching 50’ AGL
- When landing below 50’ AGL
What is Green Dot speed?
- Engine out operating speed in clean configuration
- Appears when the aircraft is in the clean configuration
- Corresponds to the best lift-to-drag ratio
What is the function of the LOC pushbutton?
Arms, engages, or disengages the LOC mode
How is Green Dot speed computed?
- At or below 20,000 ft equal to 2 x weight in metric tons (2204.6 lbs) + 85
- Above 20,000 ft add 1 kt for each 1000’
(FCOM 3.04.10)
What would prevent the weather display on the ND?
- Mode selector in PLAN
- TERR selected ON
Describe a post flight ADIRU accuracy check.
-Select Position Monitor page. Verify position deviation is <15 Knots. (FCOM 3.03.25)
What information is provided by the “IR” units?
- Flight Path Vector
- Airplane Position
- Track
- Heading
- Attitude
- Acceleration
- Ground Speed
What does a steady white ALIGN light indicate?
The respective IR is in the Align mode.
What does it mean when the IR lights are extinguished?
Alignment has been completed.
How do you fast align an IR?
Turn the IR mode selectors OFF momentarily (not more than 5 seconds) and then back on.
What does steady illumination of the amber IR “FAULT” light indicate?
The respective IR has a fault.
What does the amber ADR “FAULT” light indicate?
A fault is detected in the Air Data Reference portion.
Does turning the IR to OFF also turn off the ADR?
Yes
Can you turn the ADR OFF and still have the IR?
Yes
What information must be input when the IR is in ATT?
Input Heading (ex. 180.0) on the IR panel every 10 minutes
What would restore the lost altitude and airspeed information?
Selecting CAPT 3 on the EIS switching panel AIR DATA selector
Where is VOR data displayed?
Both NDs and the DDRMI
What is Ground Speed Mini?
- Based on a calculated groundspeed at the runway
- Protects against actual groundspeed dropping below this calculated groundspeed
Pressing the SYS pushbutton does what?
Inhibits all EGPWS warning except TERR system
What does an amber “FAULT” light in the SYS pushbutton indicate on the GPWS panel?
Any failure of GPWS mode 1-5
If the TERR mode failed, does it affect the basic GPWS?
No
Does a “FAULT” light on the SYS pushbutton affect the TERRAIN mode?
No
