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Module 13 > Navigation > Flashcards

Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the operating frequency of VOR?

A

108.0Mhz - 117.95 MHz ( 50 KHz spacing)

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2
Q

What are the first 4 Mhz of the VOR frequency band shared with?

A

ILS

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the localiser?

A

Gives reference to horizontal steering located at the END of the runway. Left 90Hz Right 150Hz

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4
Q

What is the localiser frequency band?

A

108.10 - 111.95 Mhz all odd 1/10Mhz steps (40 channels)

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the glide path?

A

Reference of vertical steering at an angle of around 3 degrees. Located at the BEGINNING of the runway. Above 90Hz Below 150Hz

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6
Q

What is the frequency range for Glide path?

A

329.15 - 335 Mhz

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7
Q

How is the ILS receiver tuned?

A

Via the control panel or MCDU, in automated flight decks FMS executes an automated tuning before the beginning of approach.

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8
Q

As well as tuning the ILS frequency what must also be tuned?

A

The course selector

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9
Q

DH > 200 and RVR > 300 is?

A

Cat I

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10
Q

DH 200-100 and RVR 300 is?

A

Cat II

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11
Q

DH

A

Cat IIIA

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12
Q

DH

A

Cat IIIB

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13
Q

DH and RVR = 0

A

Cat IIIC

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14
Q

What navigation system works by providing bearing information from the difference between two phases transmitted by a ground station?

A

VOR

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15
Q

What is the usable range of VOR?

A

100-300 NM

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16
Q

What signals is a VOR transmitter radiating?

A

Two modulation signals, reference and phase that differ in their phase position according to which direction they leave the station.

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17
Q

In the VOR system the ………. signal is a FM signal constant in all directions?

A

Reference

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18
Q

In the VOR system the ………. signal is an AM signal and the phase difference changes depending on the direction it leaves the station?

A

Variable

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19
Q

Explain Doppler VOR?

A

To Increase accuracy of the navigation today most stations work as Doppler-VOR. Doppler effect means rising of the reception frequency if the signal source approaches or decreasing frequency if the source moves away.

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20
Q

What is 1 dot deviation in a VOR system?

A

5 degrees

21
Q

In VOR what is the TO-FROM indicator showing?

A

Whether the aircraft is in the TO or FROM area of the selected VOR station

22
Q

What is the frequency of a marker beacon?

A

75Mhz with A2 Modulation

23
Q

What are the ranges of the marker beacons?

A

1000ft, 3500ft and 4.5 Miles

24
Q

What are the 2 types of beacons in a marker system?

A

Z-Marker and Fan Marker

25
Q

What is the purpose of a Z marker?

A

Coned shaped vertical beam to mark a crossing point of airways, or fill the cone of silence over a NDB

26
Q

What is the purpose of a Fan-Marker?

A

Fan shaped beam to mark important positions along airways and give distance to threshold info on approach and landing.

27
Q

How does a receiver distinguish different markers that it is overflying?

A

The audio modulation of 400, 1300 or 3000Hz goes through audio filters, if the audio tone is present it closes a switch.

28
Q

What is the principle of how a radio altimeter functions?

A

Transmit a FM signal from the aircraft to the ground and receive the ground reflected signal after a certain delay.

29
Q

What is the operation frequency of RA?

A

4.3 Ghz

30
Q

What is decision height?

A

DH is a specified altitude or height in approach at which a Missed Approach must be initiated if the RVR has not been established.

31
Q

What is automatic callout?

A

Below 400ft, the radio altitude is announced by a synthetic voice generated by the FWC.

32
Q

What is the purpose of the GPWS?

A

Aural warnings for when the aircraft is in a dangerous position relative to the ground. 7 modes

33
Q

what are the most important inputs for GPWS?

A

Radio Altimeter (most important) but will also use ILS, Flap and Gear Positions and ADC

34
Q

Why does the GPWS system use discrete from the Gear/Flap positions

A

To make sure the aircraft is in the correct configuration for distance from ground

35
Q

What does the EGPWS incorporate over GPWS?

A

Terrain and altering display functions.

36
Q

How does EGPWS determine a dangerous position?

A

It uses geographic position, aircraft altitude and inertial ref system to predict potential conflicts between aircraft flight path and terrain.

37
Q

What is the purpose of the weather radar?

A

It allows the detection and display of severe weather areas so the pilot can avoid. and also provides ground mapping.

38
Q

How does a weather radar work?

A

Radar Emits microwave pulses through a directive antenna and picks up the return signals.

39
Q

What is the weather radar operation frequency?

A

9.4 Ghz

40
Q

What do the different colours of the WXR mean?

A

Green - 1-4mm/hr
Yellow - 4-12mm/hr
Red - >12mm/hr
Magenta - Turbulent

41
Q

What are the operational modes of the WXR?

A

WX = normal mode WX/TURB = Turbulant areas shown in magenta if in 40NM and MAP = Ground Mapping

42
Q

The turbulence and windshear principle is based on?

A

Pulse waveforms show that echo frequency difference from TX pulse. caused by the Doppler effect impairing the motion via droplets

43
Q

What does the DME system provide?

A

A digital readout of the aircrafts slant distance from a selected ground station.

44
Q

What is the frequency of DME?

A

Around 1Ghz, 252 channels paired with VHF Nav Frequencies

45
Q

What is normally at the same loacation as a VOR station?

A

DME

46
Q

What are the different frequencies for the ground and aircraft interrogator TX?

A

1025 - 1150 Mhz Aircraft and 962 - 1213 Mhz Grond

47
Q

The frequency of the ground station TX is always …… above or below the interrogator frequency?

A

63 Mhz

48
Q

In DME how does the aircraft recognise its own pulses?

A

The sent signal varies its repetition rate at random and gives the DME a unique repetition rate.

Module 13 (22 decks)

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