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Ground School > Navigation > Flashcards

Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

What are lines of longitude separated by?

A

60 mins

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2
Q

Lines of latitude run parallel to what?

A

Equator

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3
Q

One minute of latitude on the earths surface is equal to what?

A

1 nautical mile

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4
Q

What is the definition of a great circle?

A

A circle around the centre of the earth

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5
Q

What is a Rhumb line?

A

A line that crosses all meridians at the same angle

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6
Q

What is a line on a chart that joins places of equal magnetic variation called?

A

Isogonal

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7
Q

What is an agonic line?

A

A line of zero variation

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8
Q

If variation is given as a number of degrees West of True North, should that number be added to or subracted from a track angle measured to True North to arrive at Magnetic North?

A

Added

(Subtract for East)

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9
Q

What is the Compass Deviation angle measured between?

A

Where the compass points to north and where magnetic north lies

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10
Q

What directions will suffer the least acceleration error?

A

360/180 deg

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11
Q

TAS may differ from IAS. Why?

A

Air density

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12
Q

What is the angle between the Track Made Good and the Aircraft heading called?

A

The drift angle

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13
Q

If the true heading is 045 degrees and is subject to a Variation of 3 degrees East, that is the magnetic heading?

A

042°

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14
Q

If the True Track heading is 358° and is subject to Variation of 5 degrees West, what will be the Magnetic Track?

A

003°

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15
Q

A compass with a Devation of 2° East will show a heading of 211° for what magnetic heading?

A

213°

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16
Q

A compass with a Deviation of 4° West will show a heading of 190° for what magnetic heading?

A

186°

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17
Q

A True heading of 103° with a Variation of 3° West and Deviation of 2° West will give a compass heading of what?

A

108°

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18
Q

With a Ground speed of 50knts, how long will it take to fly 75nm?

A

1.5hrs

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19
Q

With a ground speed of 70knts, how long will it take to fly 35nm?

A

30mins

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20
Q

How much fuel is required for a 4hr flight at 2gal/hr?

A

8 gallons

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21
Q

How much fuel, to the nearest Litre, will be used in a 3hr flight using 3gal/hr?

A

41litres

Gallons to litres is 4.5 (4.6) litres:1gallon

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22
Q

Define Track error

A

The angle between Track Made Good and Track Required

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23
Q

Using the 1:60 rule, calculate the angle adjustment to regain track in equal distance flown when 2 miles off track to port after 20miles

A

+12°

1:60 rule:
—60 divided by distance gone (60/20=3)
—Multiply by distance off track (gives track error) (3x2=6)
—multiply by 2 to regain track in equal distance (6x2=12°)

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24
Q

Calculate the angle adjustment to fly to destination from being 3 miles off track after 20miles on a journey of 60miles

A

13.5°

Find distance off track:
60/20= 3 -> 3x3= 9

For closing angle:
9x60 (track error by total distance) = 540
540/40 (above divided by distance left to travel) = 13.5°

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25
Q

When leaving the circuit, flying below 3000ft amsl and not taking information service, which altimeter setting should be used to ensure the least chance of airspace infringement?

A

QNH

26
Q

The QNH is 1024, what level is FL60 approximately?

A

6330ft amsl

1024-1013.2 =11hpa

1hpa = 30ft
11x30=330ft
6000+330 =6330

27
Q

In cruising flight, tracking 080° what altitude should you fly at in VFR?

A

Any odd thousand + 500ft (as VFR)

28
Q

How often are 1:500000 UK aero charts updated?

A

Annually

29
Q

What should you refer to to check if your chart is current?

A

The NATS aeronautical information service

30
Q

What level is controlled airspace starting above a certain level not shown?

A

Flight level 55 / 5000ft

31
Q

What projection of the earths surface are 1:500000 ICAO charts based on?

A

Lambert Projection

32
Q

On 1:500000 what does 1 inch represent?

A

8 statute miles

33
Q

What is the equivalent of 10nm in statute miles?

A

11.5

34
Q

How is relief shown in 1:500000 charts?

A

Spot heights, contours, colour shading

35
Q

What is the contour spacing in 1:250000 charts?

A

200ft intervals

(500ft for 1:500000)

36
Q

What would a black horse symbol pictured on a chart indicate?

A

A landmark

Specifically a hill figure

37
Q

A Blue circle with the letter G in the centre represents a glider winch launch site. It is at 642ft amsl. If it has the numbers /3.2 in the lower right of the circle, to what level may gliders carrying cables be launched to?

A

3200ft amsl

38
Q

A blue hatched area on a 1:500000 chart indicated what?

A

A reservoir under construction

39
Q

On a 1:500000 chart, What does a small black square with ‘PS’ written in it mean?

A

Power station

40
Q

What height above ground level must a vertical obstruction be to be marked on an aero chart?

A

300ft

41
Q

How are areas of population less than 1km^2 shown on a 1:500000 chart?

A

Yellow circles

42
Q

What does the notation ‘Lars 125.25’ mean?

A

A lower airspace radar service

43
Q

What does a hatched arrow on one of both sides of an aerodrome mean?

A

The approach path for ILS

44
Q

What does the + sign mean after a flight level on a control area? (E.g. FL30 +)

A

Upper limit of FL195

45
Q

What does the a pecked line around an aerodrome name mean?

A

Customs availability

46
Q

What is an area on a chart marked as AIAA?

A

An area of intense activity with no controlling authority

47
Q

What do the letters FIR on a chart near an aerodrome mean?

A

An aerodrome identification beacon at a military establishment

48
Q

What do the letters FIR on a chart near an aerodrome mean?

A

An aerodrome identification beacon at a military establishment

49
Q

What does a danger area marked with UNL mean?

A

Unlimited upper level

50
Q

What is London TMA?

A

A control area

51
Q

What is the height of a licensed aerodromes ATZ active to?

A

2000ft

52
Q

What is the upper limit of a MATZ?

A

3000ft

53
Q

What level are transponders required for all flight?

A

FL100

54
Q

An area marked ‘D 057 / 2.5’ is active to what level?

A

2500ft amsl

55
Q

An airspeed of 30knts with a tailwind of 5knts. What’s the ground speed?

A

35knts

56
Q

An airspeed of 45knts with a headwind of 15knts. What’s the ground speed?

A

30knts

57
Q

A ground speed of 45knts, how long will it take to travel 15nm?

A

20mins

58
Q

A ground speed of 40knts, how long will it take to fly 69 statute miles?

A

1hr 20min

69statute miles is 60nm (69/1.15=60)

59
Q

Flying at airspeed of 50knts, with 10knts headwind, how long will it take to fly 20nm?

A

30mins

60
Q

How long will it take to fly 100nm with a 20knt tailwind at an airspeed of 60knts?

A

1hr 15mins

61
Q

If you fly for 1 hour with a consumption of 10L per hour, how much fuel should you carry with a 20% margin for safety?

A

12L

Ground School (5 decks)

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