Navigation Flashcards
What are lines of longitude separated by?
60 mins
Lines of latitude run parallel to what?
Equator
One minute of latitude on the earths surface is equal to what?
1 nautical mile
What is the definition of a great circle?
A circle around the centre of the earth
What is a Rhumb line?
A line that crosses all meridians at the same angle
What is a line on a chart that joins places of equal magnetic variation called?
Isogonal
What is an agonic line?
A line of zero variation
If variation is given as a number of degrees West of True North, should that number be added to or subracted from a track angle measured to True North to arrive at Magnetic North?
Added
(Subtract for East)
What is the Compass Deviation angle measured between?
Where the compass points to north and where magnetic north lies
What directions will suffer the least acceleration error?
360/180 deg
TAS may differ from IAS. Why?
Air density
What is the angle between the Track Made Good and the Aircraft heading called?
The drift angle
If the true heading is 045 degrees and is subject to a Variation of 3 degrees East, that is the magnetic heading?
042°
If the True Track heading is 358° and is subject to Variation of 5 degrees West, what will be the Magnetic Track?
003°
A compass with a Devation of 2° East will show a heading of 211° for what magnetic heading?
213°
A compass with a Deviation of 4° West will show a heading of 190° for what magnetic heading?
186°
A True heading of 103° with a Variation of 3° West and Deviation of 2° West will give a compass heading of what?
108°
With a Ground speed of 50knts, how long will it take to fly 75nm?
1.5hrs
With a ground speed of 70knts, how long will it take to fly 35nm?
30mins
How much fuel is required for a 4hr flight at 2gal/hr?
8 gallons
How much fuel, to the nearest Litre, will be used in a 3hr flight using 3gal/hr?
41litres
Gallons to litres is 4.5 (4.6) litres:1gallon
Define Track error
The angle between Track Made Good and Track Required
Using the 1:60 rule, calculate the angle adjustment to regain track in equal distance flown when 2 miles off track to port after 20miles
+12°
1:60 rule:
—60 divided by distance gone (60/20=3)
—Multiply by distance off track (gives track error) (3x2=6)
—multiply by 2 to regain track in equal distance (6x2=12°)
Calculate the angle adjustment to fly to destination from being 3 miles off track after 20miles on a journey of 60miles
13.5°
Find distance off track:
60/20= 3 -> 3x3= 9
For closing angle:
9x60 (track error by total distance) = 540
540/40 (above divided by distance left to travel) = 13.5°
When leaving the circuit, flying below 3000ft amsl and not taking information service, which altimeter setting should be used to ensure the least chance of airspace infringement?
QNH
The QNH is 1024, what level is FL60 approximately?
6330ft amsl
1024-1013.2 =11hpa
1hpa = 30ft
11x30=330ft
6000+330 =6330
In cruising flight, tracking 080° what altitude should you fly at in VFR?
Any odd thousand + 500ft (as VFR)
How often are 1:500000 UK aero charts updated?
Annually
What should you refer to to check if your chart is current?
The NATS aeronautical information service
What level is controlled airspace starting above a certain level not shown?
Flight level 55 / 5000ft
What projection of the earths surface are 1:500000 ICAO charts based on?
Lambert Projection
On 1:500000 what does 1 inch represent?
8 statute miles
What is the equivalent of 10nm in statute miles?
11.5
How is relief shown in 1:500000 charts?
Spot heights, contours, colour shading
What is the contour spacing in 1:250000 charts?
200ft intervals
(500ft for 1:500000)
What would a black horse symbol pictured on a chart indicate?
A landmark
Specifically a hill figure
A Blue circle with the letter G in the centre represents a glider winch launch site. It is at 642ft amsl. If it has the numbers /3.2 in the lower right of the circle, to what level may gliders carrying cables be launched to?
3200ft amsl
A blue hatched area on a 1:500000 chart indicated what?
A reservoir under construction
On a 1:500000 chart, What does a small black square with ‘PS’ written in it mean?
Power station
What height above ground level must a vertical obstruction be to be marked on an aero chart?
300ft
How are areas of population less than 1km^2 shown on a 1:500000 chart?
Yellow circles
What does the notation ‘Lars 125.25’ mean?
A lower airspace radar service
What does a hatched arrow on one of both sides of an aerodrome mean?
The approach path for ILS
What does the + sign mean after a flight level on a control area? (E.g. FL30 +)
Upper limit of FL195
What does the a pecked line around an aerodrome name mean?
Customs availability
What is an area on a chart marked as AIAA?
An area of intense activity with no controlling authority
What do the letters FIR on a chart near an aerodrome mean?
An aerodrome identification beacon at a military establishment
What do the letters FIR on a chart near an aerodrome mean?
An aerodrome identification beacon at a military establishment
What does a danger area marked with UNL mean?
Unlimited upper level
What is London TMA?
A control area
What is the height of a licensed aerodromes ATZ active to?
2000ft
What is the upper limit of a MATZ?
3000ft
What level are transponders required for all flight?
FL100
An area marked ‘D 057 / 2.5’ is active to what level?
2500ft amsl
An airspeed of 30knts with a tailwind of 5knts. What’s the ground speed?
35knts
An airspeed of 45knts with a headwind of 15knts. What’s the ground speed?
30knts
A ground speed of 45knts, how long will it take to travel 15nm?
20mins
A ground speed of 40knts, how long will it take to fly 69 statute miles?
1hr 20min
69statute miles is 60nm (69/1.15=60)
Flying at airspeed of 50knts, with 10knts headwind, how long will it take to fly 20nm?
30mins
How long will it take to fly 100nm with a 20knt tailwind at an airspeed of 60knts?
1hr 15mins
If you fly for 1 hour with a consumption of 10L per hour, how much fuel should you carry with a 20% margin for safety?
12L
