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Aircraft General Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ratio between the upper surface drop in pressure and the under surface increase in pressure of air moving around a wing to help create lift?

A

2:1

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2
Q

What causes Form Drag?

A

Frontal Area

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3
Q

What is the Centre of Pressure of an aerofoil?

A

The point through which total lift may be said to act

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4
Q

What is the angle of incidence?

A

The angle between the chord line and the longitudinal axis

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5
Q

How does camber help to increase lift?

A

Causes a pressure decrease on the upper surface

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6
Q

Changes in angle of attack changes….

A

The amount of lift produced

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7
Q

If the angle of attack increases….

A

The centre of pressure moves forward

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8
Q

What do wingtip vortices create?

A

Induced drag

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9
Q

A low aspect ratio will have…

A

Short span and long chord

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10
Q

What is the angle between the Chord and relative airflow?

A

The angle of attack

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11
Q

What is skin friction caused by?

A

Surface texture

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12
Q

What forces directly oppose each other in SLUF?

A

Weight and lift

Thrust and drag

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13
Q

How do you achieve thrust in unpowered flight?

A

Weight and lift

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14
Q

What axis does pitch revolve around?

A

The lateral axis

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15
Q

What is the chord line?

A

A datum between the leading and trailing edges

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16
Q

Form drag, as a proportion of total drag…

A

Increases with speed

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17
Q

An aircraft weighing 340kg and wing area of 17m^2 has a wing loading of…

A

20kg/m^2

340/17=20

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18
Q

An aerodynamic stall will result in…

A

The breakdown of the smooth airflow over a wing

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19
Q

What will stall speed do if aircraft weight is increased?

A

Increase

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20
Q

What formulae is used to calculate the stall speed of an aircraft in a level turn?

A

SSS (stall speed, straight flight) x sqrt[G load]

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21
Q

What angle in a level turn is wing loading doubled?

A

60°

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22
Q

How would you correct Yawing at the point of stall?

A

Use the rudder

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23
Q

When in a spin…

A

The inner wing is stalled to a greater degree than the outer

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24
Q

A tumble in a flex wing aircraft can be caused by mishandling. What is the most likely way to cause a tumble?

A

Stalling the aircraft with a very high nose attitude

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25
What does V_ne mean?
Never exceed speed
26
All migcrolight are subject to flight limitations. The permit to fly does not allow the aircraft to do what?
Aerobatic manoeuvres
27
The placarded maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of an aircraft…
Just be taken into account when loading/preparing for every flight
28
If an aircraft has an MTOW of 450kg, and then empty dry weight is 210kg, you weigh 115kg and have 32kg of fuel on board. What is the heaviest your passenger can be?
93kg
29
You aircraft has an MTOW of 450kg, the dry empty weight is 260kg, you and your passenger weigh 172kg, that’s the maximum volume of fuel you can carry? (1L of fuel weighs 0.72kg)
25L
30
What do ailerons control?
Roll
31
How does an aircraft with no rudder achieve yaw?
As a secondary effect of roll
32
What is a mass balance used for?
To over come flutter
33
Roll can also be controlled by…
Spoilerons
34
What axis is yawing around?
Vertical axis
35
Why may an anti-balance tab be fitted to some aircraft surfaces?
To increase control forces in flight
36
What is a tip rudder?
A control device
37
What is the point of differential ailerons?
To over come adverse yaw
38
What does a canard elevator control?
Pitch
39
When flying fast, what does the increased airflow do to the controls?
Makes them more effective
40
What does dihedral increase?
Lateral stability
41
What are luff/leech lines for on a flexing aircraft?
To prevent the trailing edge from inverting in high speed flight
42
What is the portion of control surface infront of the hinge called?
An aerodynamic balance
43
What does sweep back give?
Longitudinal stability?
44
Why do some aircraft need applied rudder control on takeoff?
To overcome propeller slip stream
45
What is the ISA environmental lapse rate?
1.98 (2)°C per 1000ft
46
What is the ISA density?
1.225kg/m^3. Or 1225g/m^3
47
What is the ISA mean sea level temperature?
15°C
48
How do you achieve the best glide performance?
At the best lift to drag ratio
49
What will taking off downwind do?
Increase takeoff length
50
What till taking off at an increased altitude do?
Increase takeoff length
51
What will colder weather do to a take off run compared to hotter weather?
Decrease takeoff length
52
How does taking off into wind affect climb rate?
It doesn’t, ROC is determined by aircraft speed, AoA and thrust level
53
What is the difference between high humidity air and low humidity air?
High humidity is less dense
54
What loads are underwing struts designed to take?
Tension and compression
55
How might wing fabric be eroded?
Ultra-violet light
56
Swept volume is he area if a piston multiplied by what?
The length of stroke
57
How many times does a crankshaft revolve during a cycle of a two stroke engine?
Once
58
How should you treat a spillage of battery acid?
Sodium bicarbonate
59
What direction is off for an ignition switch?
Down
60
How are 2 stroke engines with magnetos stopped?
Earthing the coil
61
Where will water likely collect in a fuel system?
In the bottom of fuel tanks, due to it being heavier than most fuels
62
What would a blocked air vent to the fuel tank cause?
Restricted fuel flow
63
Where is fuel mixed with air in the carburettor?
The Venturi
64
If a 40:1 mix is used instead of a 50:1 mix, in a 2 stroke engine, what will the engine do?
Run lean
65
An engine running with a lean mix will have…
High exhaust gas temperatures and light grey electrodes on the spark plugs
66
What does mixture control do?
Varies the petrol to air ratio
67
How would carburettor icing occur?
The engine must be running in an atmosphere with a high relative humidity
68
Why should fuel tanks be left full when an aircraft is being stored?
To prevent contamination by condensation
69
What is an advantage of fuel injection systems over other types of fuel delivery systems?
They are not subjected to carburettor icing
70
What odourless gas can cause poisoning?
Carbon Monoxide
71
If a mixture control system is fitted to a twostroke engine, how does it affect the oil to petrol mixture?
It has no effect on the petrol to oil mixture, it only controls the volume of fuel being mixed in the carburettor
72
What is a method of controlling the fluid temperatures within an aircraft engine?
By fitting a thermostat and using radiator covers and air vents to control extremes of tempurature
73
A microlight engine might drive a propeller through a reduction system, belts or gears. Why isn’t the propeller driven directly from the crank shaft?
Engine speed os too high for the best efficiency so has to be decreased to drive at the correct speed
74
Propellers are…
Washed out
75
What does a 62*32 propeller mean?
It has 62” diameter and 32”pitch
76
If a propeller is fitted backwards, what will happen to the thrust?
It will be reduced
77
Why might propeller blades be twisted?
To reduce induced drag generated on the tips
78
What will happen if the static vent becomes blocked?
It will fail to show changes in level
79
How does a VSI work?
The rate of change in static pressure
80
How does the ASI work?
The Pitot dynamic pressure minus the static pressure
81
What are airspeed indicator inlet tubes?
They are called pitot tubes and are mounted parallel to the direction of travel
82
What might metal objects near a magnetic compass do?
Affect the deviation
83
Which engine instrument will indicate whether fuel mixture is correct, lean or rich?
The exhaust gas temperature gauge
84
Which engine instrument should be used for initial indications that engine cooling is correct?
The cylinder head temperature gauge for air cooled engines?
85
When flying over water with a life jacket, what should you do?
Wear it uninflated
86
From what altitude is it recommended that oxygen supplies are used as a breathing aid?
10000ft
87
A fire extinguisher with the letter B in a square surround marked in it is used for what?
Flammable such as petrol, diesels, oils or paraffin
88
What doesn’t require a separate locking device?
A Nyloc nut
89
Why might a tyre be marked with paint spots against the wheel rim?
To indicate creep
90
For cleaning wing fabric, what must be used?
Liquid soap and water
91
How many times should nyloc nuts be used?
Once
92
For all regulated microlights, it’s a requirement to maintain both an aircraft airframe and engine logbook. How long must this be kept for?
For two years after the aircraft is destroyed or permanently withdrawn from use

Ground School (5 decks)

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