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Ground School > Aircraft General > Flashcards

Aircraft General Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ratio between the upper surface drop in pressure and the under surface increase in pressure of air moving around a wing to help create lift?

A

2:1

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2
Q

What causes Form Drag?

A

Frontal Area

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3
Q

What is the Centre of Pressure of an aerofoil?

A

The point through which total lift may be said to act

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4
Q

What is the angle of incidence?

A

The angle between the chord line and the longitudinal axis

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5
Q

How does camber help to increase lift?

A

Causes a pressure decrease on the upper surface

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6
Q

Changes in angle of attack changes….

A

The amount of lift produced

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7
Q

If the angle of attack increases….

A

The centre of pressure moves forward

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8
Q

What do wingtip vortices create?

A

Induced drag

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9
Q

A low aspect ratio will have…

A

Short span and long chord

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10
Q

What is the angle between the Chord and relative airflow?

A

The angle of attack

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11
Q

What is skin friction caused by?

A

Surface texture

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12
Q

What forces directly oppose each other in SLUF?

A

Weight and lift

Thrust and drag

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13
Q

How do you achieve thrust in unpowered flight?

A

Weight and lift

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14
Q

What axis does pitch revolve around?

A

The lateral axis

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15
Q

What is the chord line?

A

A datum between the leading and trailing edges

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16
Q

Form drag, as a proportion of total drag…

A

Increases with speed

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17
Q

An aircraft weighing 340kg and wing area of 17m^2 has a wing loading of…

A

20kg/m^2

340/17=20

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18
Q

An aerodynamic stall will result in…

A

The breakdown of the smooth airflow over a wing

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19
Q

What will stall speed do if aircraft weight is increased?

A

Increase

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20
Q

What formulae is used to calculate the stall speed of an aircraft in a level turn?

A

SSS (stall speed, straight flight) x sqrt[G load]

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21
Q

What angle in a level turn is wing loading doubled?

A

60°

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22
Q

How would you correct Yawing at the point of stall?

A

Use the rudder

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23
Q

When in a spin…

A

The inner wing is stalled to a greater degree than the outer

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24
Q

A tumble in a flex wing aircraft can be caused by mishandling. What is the most likely way to cause a tumble?

A

Stalling the aircraft with a very high nose attitude

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25
Q

What does V_ne mean?

A

Never exceed speed

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26
Q

All migcrolight are subject to flight limitations. The permit to fly does not allow the aircraft to do what?

A

Aerobatic manoeuvres

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27
Q

The placarded maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of an aircraft…

A

Just be taken into account when loading/preparing for every flight

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28
Q

If an aircraft has an MTOW of 450kg, and then empty dry weight is 210kg, you weigh 115kg and have 32kg of fuel on board. What is the heaviest your passenger can be?

A

93kg

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29
Q

You aircraft has an MTOW of 450kg, the dry empty weight is 260kg, you and your passenger weigh 172kg, that’s the maximum volume of fuel you can carry?
(1L of fuel weighs 0.72kg)

A

25L

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30
Q

What do ailerons control?

A

Roll

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31
Q

How does an aircraft with no rudder achieve yaw?

A

As a secondary effect of roll

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32
Q

What is a mass balance used for?

A

To over come flutter

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33
Q

Roll can also be controlled by…

A

Spoilerons

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34
Q

What axis is yawing around?

A

Vertical axis

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35
Q

Why may an anti-balance tab be fitted to some aircraft surfaces?

A

To increase control forces in flight

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36
Q

What is a tip rudder?

A

A control device

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37
Q

What is the point of differential ailerons?

A

To over come adverse yaw

38
Q

What does a canard elevator control?

A

Pitch

39
Q

When flying fast, what does the increased airflow do to the controls?

A

Makes them more effective

40
Q

What does dihedral increase?

A

Lateral stability

41
Q

What are luff/leech lines for on a flexing aircraft?

A

To prevent the trailing edge from inverting in high speed flight

42
Q

What is the portion of control surface infront of the hinge called?

A

An aerodynamic balance

43
Q

What does sweep back give?

A

Longitudinal stability?

44
Q

Why do some aircraft need applied rudder control on takeoff?

A

To overcome propeller slip stream

45
Q

What is the ISA environmental lapse rate?

A

1.98 (2)°C per 1000ft

46
Q

What is the ISA density?

A

1.225kg/m^3. Or 1225g/m^3

47
Q

What is the ISA mean sea level temperature?

A

15°C

48
Q

How do you achieve the best glide performance?

A

At the best lift to drag ratio

49
Q

What will taking off downwind do?

A

Increase takeoff length

50
Q

What till taking off at an increased altitude do?

A

Increase takeoff length

51
Q

What will colder weather do to a take off run compared to hotter weather?

A

Decrease takeoff length

52
Q

How does taking off into wind affect climb rate?

A

It doesn’t, ROC is determined by aircraft speed, AoA and thrust level

53
Q

What is the difference between high humidity air and low humidity air?

A

High humidity is less dense

54
Q

What loads are underwing struts designed to take?

A

Tension and compression

55
Q

How might wing fabric be eroded?

A

Ultra-violet light

56
Q

Swept volume is he area if a piston multiplied by what?

A

The length of stroke

57
Q

How many times does a crankshaft revolve during a cycle of a two stroke engine?

A

Once

58
Q

How should you treat a spillage of battery acid?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

59
Q

What direction is off for an ignition switch?

A

Down

60
Q

How are 2 stroke engines with magnetos stopped?

A

Earthing the coil

61
Q

Where will water likely collect in a fuel system?

A

In the bottom of fuel tanks, due to it being heavier than most fuels

62
Q

What would a blocked air vent to the fuel tank cause?

A

Restricted fuel flow

63
Q

Where is fuel mixed with air in the carburettor?

A

The Venturi

64
Q

If a 40:1 mix is used instead of a 50:1 mix, in a 2 stroke engine, what will the engine do?

A

Run lean

65
Q

An engine running with a lean mix will have…

A

High exhaust gas temperatures and light grey electrodes on the spark plugs

66
Q

What does mixture control do?

A

Varies the petrol to air ratio

67
Q

How would carburettor icing occur?

A

The engine must be running in an atmosphere with a high relative humidity

68
Q

Why should fuel tanks be left full when an aircraft is being stored?

A

To prevent contamination by condensation

69
Q

What is an advantage of fuel injection systems over other types of fuel delivery systems?

A

They are not subjected to carburettor icing

70
Q

What odourless gas can cause poisoning?

A

Carbon Monoxide

71
Q

If a mixture control system is fitted to a twostroke engine, how does it affect the oil to petrol mixture?

A

It has no effect on the petrol to oil mixture, it only controls the volume of fuel being mixed in the carburettor

72
Q

What is a method of controlling the fluid temperatures within an aircraft engine?

A

By fitting a thermostat and using radiator covers and air vents to control extremes of tempurature

73
Q

A microlight engine might drive a propeller through a reduction system, belts or gears. Why isn’t the propeller driven directly from the crank shaft?

A

Engine speed os too high for the best efficiency so has to be decreased to drive at the correct speed

74
Q

Propellers are…

A

Washed out

75
Q

What does a 62*32 propeller mean?

A

It has 62” diameter and 32”pitch

76
Q

If a propeller is fitted backwards, what will happen to the thrust?

A

It will be reduced

77
Q

Why might propeller blades be twisted?

A

To reduce induced drag generated on the tips

78
Q

What will happen if the static vent becomes blocked?

A

It will fail to show changes in level

79
Q

How does a VSI work?

A

The rate of change in static pressure

80
Q

How does the ASI work?

A

The Pitot dynamic pressure minus the static pressure

81
Q

What are airspeed indicator inlet tubes?

A

They are called pitot tubes and are mounted parallel to the direction of travel

82
Q

What might metal objects near a magnetic compass do?

A

Affect the deviation

83
Q

Which engine instrument will indicate whether fuel mixture is correct, lean or rich?

A

The exhaust gas temperature gauge

84
Q

Which engine instrument should be used for initial indications that engine cooling is correct?

A

The cylinder head temperature gauge for air cooled engines?

85
Q

When flying over water with a life jacket, what should you do?

A

Wear it uninflated

86
Q

From what altitude is it recommended that oxygen supplies are used as a breathing aid?

A

10000ft

87
Q

A fire extinguisher with the letter B in a square surround marked in it is used for what?

A

Flammable such as petrol, diesels, oils or paraffin

88
Q

What doesn’t require a separate locking device?

A

A Nyloc nut

89
Q

Why might a tyre be marked with paint spots against the wheel rim?

A

To indicate creep

90
Q

For cleaning wing fabric, what must be used?

A

Liquid soap and water

91
Q

How many times should nyloc nuts be used?

A

Once

92
Q

For all regulated microlights, it’s a requirement to maintain both an aircraft airframe and engine logbook. How long must this be kept for?

A

For two years after the aircraft is destroyed or permanently withdrawn from use

Ground School (5 decks)

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