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Ground School > Human Factors > Flashcards

Human Factors Flashcards

1
Q

What senses are used by a pilot to assess actual attitude in relation to the normal?

A

Sight and Balance

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2
Q

Flying into clouds/ areas of poor vis without suitable flight instruments can lead to…

A

Spatial disorientation

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3
Q

What should you do to avoid attitude confusion during manoeuvring?

A

Try to keep the horizon in view as a reference datum

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4
Q

Why might cockpit engine controls be coloured differently?

A

Reduce possible control system confusion

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5
Q

To avoid confusion when flying different aircraft, instrument layouts have become standardised. What order are the instruments in (T-arrangement)?

A

Air Speed Indicator - Left
Artificial Horizon - Middle
Altimeter - Right
Compass/direction indicator - below

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6
Q

What is the issue with a three-point altimeter?

A

They are often misread.

It’s not unusual for pilots to set a minus figure on the altimeter when setting zero on the ground when a significant pressure change has occurred

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7
Q

What direction is used for ‘On’ on a switch?

A

Up

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8
Q

What direction do throttles move to increase power?

A

Forwards

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9
Q

Changes in loading during manoeuvring/acceleration can lead to false impressions of attitude.
The feeling of getting pushed into the seat during a steep turn could be confused with what?

A

Rapid acceleration

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10
Q

Information, such as a frequency passed by ATC, held in short term memory, when rehearsal or active maintenance is prevented, lasts for how long?

A

Approx. 15 seconds

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11
Q

Being able to recite checklists inflight without reading them is a function of what?

A

Long term memory

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12
Q

When trimming an aircraft in flight, following an attitude/power change, what does the pilot use to determine if the controls are in balance?

A

Long term memory

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13
Q

If on a flight, you believe that you see your waypoint as expected and on time. Upon closer inspection, the waypoint looks a little different from how it was imagined, but you accept there may be some differences and happy to accept that it is the planned way point despite the differences.

What is this an example of?

A

Confirmation Bias

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14
Q

You are on a long flight and as you progress, weather begins to deteriorate, causing you to descend to a lower altitude. You decide to continue the flight as you have to meet friends, despite the worsening weather.

What is this an example of?

A

Continuation Bias

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15
Q

What attitude type could describe a pilot what is resentful towards comments/advice from others?

A

Anti-authority

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16
Q

What should a student pilot do if they feel their instructor has made an incorrect assessment of a situation?

A

Question the decision asap

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17
Q

What affect may peer pressure have on a less experienced pilot?

A

To fly in situations they aren’t experienced enough to be in

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18
Q

When departing from runway 02, and upon returning given information for runway 20. What action should you take?

A

As for confirmation of runway direction.

Similar to 13/31

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19
Q

What does threat and error management require??

A

Task planning, Situational awareness, Decision making

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20
Q

What is the benefit of using a radio and listening to a lower airspace radar service (LARS) as you are passing near controlled airspace?

A

You can hear other aircraft in the local area to improve your situational awareness

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21
Q

Although you don’t want to only fly in perfect conditions, you must know your limitations.
What should you do when the wind is gusty and across the runway from the direction of buildings. A high stratus cloud base, but lowering. Others are flying, what should you do?

A

Concerned about turbulent wind coming from across the buildings being beyond your ability to control, ask the instructor what they think

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22
Q

What aid might you use to ensure that particular actions are completed through out a flight?

A

Checklist

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23
Q

Correction of aircraft attitude during flight by a practiced pilot is a…

A

Skill based behaviour

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24
Q

Regulations require a pilot with an NPPL to complete a certain amount of flight with an instructor over a certain period to maintain the licence. What are these times?

A

1 hour every 24 months

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25
Q

It’s recommended that a pilot should undertake differences training when planning to fly a type they haven’t flown before, but it is a legal requirement to move from one type of control system to another. Who is entitled to give that training?

A

An instructor entitled to instruct on that control type

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26
Q

What’s the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere at 10000ft Amal?

A

21% same as at sea level

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27
Q

What gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen 78%

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28
Q

What will the r amount of oxygen in a given unit of volume be at 5000ft amsl?

A

Less than that at lower altitudes (desnity is less)

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29
Q

From what level is it generally considered to be wise to add oxygen to the air supply of the pilot?

A

10000ft

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30
Q

What is likely to occur during unpressurised flight above 12000ft?

A

Hypoxia

31
Q

Rapid breathing and tingling in the finger tips are signs of what?

A

Hyperventilation

32
Q

Hyperventilation may occur as a result of extreme stress. How could you treat it?

A

Breathing into a paper bag

33
Q

If a passenger starts to cough and turn blue in the face, what should you do?

A

Put their head forward and thump between their shoulder blades as they are showing signs of choking

34
Q

What causes barotrauma in flight?

A

Changes in altitude

35
Q

What isn’t it advisable to do shortly before a flight, if you want to avoid painful results resulting from pressure changes?

A

Scuba diving

36
Q

What’s the best way of equalising pressure between the inner and middle ear during descents?

A

Hold your nose and blow out your cheeks

37
Q

What could flying in very cold conditions lead to?

A

Hypothermia

38
Q

Following a flight in extremely cold conditions, and you find your fingers are showing signs of frostbite, what should you do?

A

Put your hands under your armpits to warm them

39
Q

If looking into a featureless sky, the eyes will tend to focus on a point…

A

2 metres away

40
Q

What will an aircraft closing at a constant bearing do?

A

Appear suddenly to grow larger as they become closer

41
Q

Moving aircraft are difficult to see if…

A

They maintain a continuous relative bearing

42
Q

What is the most effective way to lookout?

A

Moving the head and eyes to search segments of the sky

43
Q

What impression might approaching a wider than usual runway give?

A

It seems closer than it actually is

44
Q

If you’re used to landing on a level runway, what impression may a runway that slopes up give on approach?

A

Increased length

45
Q

If the runway is sloping down away from the approach, what may a pilot tend to do?

A

Be high on approach

46
Q

When leading to fly, student pilots often stare at the runway as they approach. What can this runway fixation lead to?

A

Loss of height perception and directional control

47
Q

Why is it always advisable to wear a headset in an aircraft, even when flying solo and with no need to use the radio?

A

Headsets have a noise cancelling effect which can relieve stress

48
Q

Flying with a poorly defined horizon can lead to what?

A

Loss of spatial awareness

49
Q

What should a passenger do if they feel sick?

A

Look out if the aircraft, towards the horizon

50
Q

What’s an example of a medical condition that can cause fatigue?

A

Thyroid disorder

Heart disease and diabetes may also be a cause

51
Q

What is a symptom of low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)?

A

Blurred vision

Weakness, difficulty concentrating, confusion, feeling sleepy, fits, passing out

52
Q

What are symptoms of dehydration?

A

Feeling tired

Thirst, dry mouth/lips/eyes, dark yellow strong smelling pee

53
Q

What should you do if suffering from an head cold?

A

Not fly at all

54
Q

Medication can cause side effects that impair a pilots ability to fly. What should they do to reduce this risk?

A

Consult a doctor on any side effects that may be risky

55
Q

If under local anaesthetic for dental procedures, how long should a pilot not act as flight crew for?

A

48 hours

56
Q

What is the recommended minimum time you should wait after giving blood/plasma before becoming PIC?

A

24 hours

57
Q

What is the blood alcohol level limit for pilots??

A

20mg of alcohol in 100ml

58
Q

How long does it take a unit of alcohol to clear the blood stream?

A

60mins

59
Q

How many units does an average pint of beer contain?

A

1-2

60
Q

What’s the maximum recommended weekly intake of alcohol for both men and women?

A

14units

61
Q

Carbon monoxide is odourless, what may an indication of poisoning be?

A

Slow breathing

Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tiredness, confusion, stomach pain, shortness of breath/difficulty breathing

62
Q

Smokers that consume 20 cigarettes daily will be able to absorb less oxygen than non-smokers. This effect is equal to them being above their actual altitude by…

A

3000ft

63
Q

Should you ever fly under the influence of recreational drugs?

A

No

64
Q

What is the benefit of low stress levels?

A

Able to absorb new information readily

65
Q

A pilot with hundreds of flight hours carrying out a local flight that they have flown many times before could be subject to?

A

Under arousal

66
Q

What does IMSAFE stand for?

A

Illness, Medication, Stress, alcohol, fatigue, eating

67
Q

What is the emergency phone number?

A

999

68
Q

What should you do if you see an aircraft hanging from overhead wires?

A

Phone to get the power switched off

69
Q

What extinguisher type must you not use for a fuel fire?

A

Water

70
Q

If a pilot has crawled free of a wreck but has a bad cut on the lower arm, what should you do?

A

Apply pressure to the wound with a pad

71
Q

What should you do if someone is bleeding from their ear?

A

Cover the ear loosely with a scrap of cloth and seek medical attention

72
Q

To prevent shock developing what shouldn’t you do?

A

Give them food or drink

73
Q

If someone burns themselves on the exhaust? What should you do?

A

Flood the burned area with water and leave the burned clothing in place until reaching a hospital

74
Q

If someone burns themselves on the exhaust? What should you do?

A

Flood the burned area with water and leave the burned clothing in place until reaching a hospital

Ground School (5 decks)

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