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Airways 051 > NAV Exam Revision > Flashcards

NAV Exam Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term used to describe the technical shape of the earth?

A

The earth is an oblate spheroid

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2
Q

Name the 4 cardinal compass points and the bearing that each represents

A

North - 360/000
East - 090
South - 180
West - 270

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3
Q

Define: Great circle

A

A circle on the surface of the earth whose center and radius are those of the earth
The shortest distance between any 2 points on the globe is a great circle

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4
Q

Define: Small circle

A

A circle on the surface of the earth whose center and radius are not those of the earth

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5
Q

Define: Rhumb line

A

A regularly curved line on the surface of the earth cutting all meridians at the same angle

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6
Q

What is a parallel of latitude?

A

Circles on the surface of the earth whose planes are parallel to the equator. They are all small circles except for the equator and the equator is the zero datum for all latitude measurements

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7
Q

What is a meridian of longitude?

A

Lines on the earth’s surface join the north and south pole. The zero datum for longitude measurements is Greenwich, London

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8
Q

Is the equator a meridian?

A

No, the equator is a parallel of latitude and is the only great circle parallel

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9
Q

List 3 ways a pilot can report their position?

A 
Lat and Long
Geographical points
Line features
Bearing and distance
Reporting abeam
Estimates at future points
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10
Q

What is the distance in NM for arc angles?:
1 minute of arc?
1 degree of arc?

A 
1' = 1 NM
1° = 60 NM
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11
Q

What are the properties of a magnet and a magnetic compass?

A

Opposite poles attract and like poles repel
Magnets attract or repel other magnets or metals that can be magnetised
If freely suspended then a magnet will align itself with the earth’s magnetic field

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12
Q

Define: Nautical mile (verbatim)

A

The length of the arc of a great circle which subtends an angle of one minute at the centre of the earth

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13
Q

Define: Magnetic heading

A

True heading with magnetic variation applied

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14
Q

Which map scales provide greater detail?

A

The smaller the ratio of the map the greater the detail

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15
Q

List the ways relief can be shown on a topographical map?

A 
Contours
Spot elevations
Layer tinting
Hachuring
Hill shading
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16
Q

Name 3 types of basic map projections

A

Cylindrical
Conical
Plane

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17
Q

What are the 2 most commonly used projections for maps and charts?

A

Mercator

Lambert

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18
Q

Define: True heading

A

A heading in relation to true north

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19
Q

Define: Compass heading

A

Magnetic heading with correction to compass error

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20
Q

What is drift?

A

The angular difference between the heading of an aircraft and its track

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21
Q

What is UTC?

A

UTC is Coordinated Universal Time which is based on the atomic clock where each second is corrected for errors

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22
Q

How many minutes of time are there in?:
1° of arc
15° of arc
180° of arc

A 
1° = 4 minutes
15° = 60 minutes
180° = 12 hours
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23
Q

How do you convert degrees into hours and minutes of time?

A

Degrees x 4 = minutes of time

24
Q

Conversion of local time to UTC time

A

For NZ local time:

UTC + 12 or 13 hours depending on time of year to account for daylight savings time

25
Q

Define: Civil twilight

A

When the sun’s centre reaches a point 6° below the horizon

26
Q

What are the properties of a wave?

A

Amplitude - Height of the wave
Frequency - The number of cycles a wave completes in 1 second
Wavelength - Distance between complete cycles of a wave

27
Q

What is modulation?

A

The process of adding audio frequencies to a radio frequency carrier wave enables it to carry information

28
Q

What is a carrier wave?

A

A continuous wave being produced at a constant amplitude

29
Q

What are the 2 main types of modulation?

A 
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Frequency Modulation (FM)
30
Q

What are the properties of HF, VHF and UHF?

A 
HF = 3-30MHz, used for point-to-point communication 
VHF = 30-300MHz, experience very little refraction by any ionised layers and thus require a direct line of sight 
UHF = 300-3000MHz
31
Q

What is the atmospheric layer that affects radio propagation?

A

The Ionosphere

32
Q

What is the minimum equipment needed on board an aircraft for VDF to work?

A

Two way radio communication equipment operating on the correct frequency

33
Q

Define: Ground wave

A

A wave that follows the earth’s surface contour

34
Q

Define: Space wave

A

High-frequency waves that do not get refracted by the atmosphere and travel into space

35
Q

Define: Skip zone

A

The area in which no signals are received, extending from the point at which ground waves become too weak to be received to the point at which the first sky wave has returned to the surface of the earth.

36
Q

What is an NDB?

A

Non-directional beacon
LF-MF
Long Range

37
Q

What is a VOR?

A

Very High Frequency Omni-directional Range
VHF
360 radials

38
Q

What is an ADF?

A

Automatic direction-finding radio receiver

Can be tuned to an NDB to determine the direction of the beacon relative to the aircraft

39
Q

What is the angular accuracy of NDBs and VORs?

A 
NDB = ±10°
VOR = ±5°
40
Q

What is the cone of ambiguity?

A

NDBs and VORs cannot transmit vertically therefore there is a cone above the beacons at ~45° from the vertical where no signal will be detected from the beacons

41
Q

What is a DME?

A

A short-range navigational aid, normally paired with a VOR that provides distance and ground speed information with a range of 200NM

42
Q

Describe slant range?

A

The distance measured to an aircraft describing both the horizontal and vertical components

43
Q

What are the components of an ILS?

A

Localiser
Glide path
Markers

44
Q

What is the recommended glide path for an ILS?

A

3°

45
Q

What is the decision height and RVR for the ILS categories?

A 
CAT I ILS = 200ft, 800m
CAT II ILS = 100ft, 400m
CAT IIIA ILS = 0ft, 200m 
CATIIIB ILS = 0ft, 50m
CAT IIIC ILS = 0ft, 0m
46
Q

How does INS work?

A

Measures an aircraft’s location using accelerometers and gyroscopes
Detects motion and can pinpoint where an aircraft has travelled based on its known starting point

47
Q

How many different satellites are required for GPS?

A

4 (3)

48
Q

What is differential GPS?

A

By using a fixed ground receiver as a reference point an aircraft’s position can be very accurately calculated by error checking its location with the fixed point

49
Q

Name the components of an SSR system

A

Interrogator

Transponder

50
Q

This frequency is used for?:

UHF

A 
RADAR
DME
ILS
GPS
Military communications
51
Q

This frequency is used for?:

VHF

A

VOR

Civil communications

52
Q

This frequency is used for?:

HF

A

Long range communications

53
Q

This frequency is used for?:

MF-LF

A

NDB

54
Q

What is the track error formula for the 1 in 60 rule?

A

TE = (Distance off track x 60)/Distance flown

55
Q

What is the correction angle formula for the 1 in 60 rule?

A

CA = (Distance off track x 60)/Distance to go

Airways 051 (6 decks)

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