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Nat 5 chemistry > Natures Chemistry > Flashcards

Natures Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Homologous Series?

A

It is a family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

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2
Q

What are Hydrocarbons?

A

They are compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon

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3
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

A

They are saturated

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4
Q

What are alkanes commonly used as?

A

Fuels

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5
Q

Are alkanes soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Insoluble

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6
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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7
Q

Are cycloalkanes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

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8
Q

Are cycloalkanes soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Insoluble

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9
Q

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?

A

CnH2n

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10
Q

Are Alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated

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11
Q

Are Alkenes soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Insoluble

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12
Q

Which contain double bonds? Alkanes or alkenes ?

A

Alkenes

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13
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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14
Q

What is an isomer?

A

A compound with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

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15
Q

What compounds are described as saturated?

A

Compounds containing only single carbon bonds

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16
Q

What solution can test if a compound is saturated or unsaturated?

A

Bromine solution. Unsaturated compounds will decolour the solution

17
Q

Are alcohols saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

18
Q

What molecules do alcohols contain?

A

Carbon hydrogen and oxygen

19
Q

What are alcohols commonly used as?

A

Fuels and solvents

20
Q

Combustion definition?

A

When a substance burns in oxygen

21
Q

What are the products in a combustion reaction?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

22
Q

What are exothermic reactions?

A

Reactions which give out heat to the surroundings

23
Q

What are endothermic reactions?

A

Reactions which take in heat from the surroundings

24
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

CnH2n+1OH

25
Q

What is the pH of alcohols ?

A

7

26
Q

What alcohols and carboxylic acids are miscible with water?

A

Methanol, ethanol and propanol (solubility decreases as size increases)
Methanoic, ethanoic, propanoic and butanoic acids

27
Q

What functional group are alcohols a part of ?

A

Hydroxyl

28
Q

What molecules do carboxylic acids contain?

A

Carbon hydrogen and oxygen

29
Q

What functional group are carboxylic acids a part of

A

The carboxyl group

30
Q

What are carboxylic acids used for?

A

Preparation of preservatives, soaps and medicines

Ethanoic acid vinegar for chips

31
Q

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

A

CnH2n+1 COOH

32
Q

What is the pH of carboxylic acids?

A

pH of less than 7

33
Q

What do carboxylic acids react with to form salts?

A

Bases

Bases neutralise acids

34
Q

What are the categories of bases?

A

Metal oxides
Metal hydroxides
Metal carbonates

35
Q

What is the salt called for methanoic acid

A

Methanoate

Add oate to the end for salts instead of oic

36
Q

What is the product when carboxylic acids react with metal oxides and metal hydroxides?

A

Salt and water

37
Q

What is produced when carboxylic acids react with metal carbonates?

A

Salt water and carbon dioxide

Nat 5 chemistry (4 decks)

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