Natures Chemistry Flashcards
What is a Homologous Series?
It is a family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties
What are Hydrocarbons?
They are compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon
Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?
They are saturated
What are alkanes commonly used as?
Fuels
Are alkanes soluble or insoluble in water?
Insoluble
What is the general formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
Are cycloalkanes saturated or unsaturated?
Saturated
Are cycloalkanes soluble or insoluble in water?
Insoluble
What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?
CnH2n
Are Alkenes saturated or unsaturated?
Unsaturated
Are Alkenes soluble or insoluble in water?
Insoluble
Which contain double bonds? Alkanes or alkenes ?
Alkenes
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What is an isomer?
A compound with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
What compounds are described as saturated?
Compounds containing only single carbon bonds
What solution can test if a compound is saturated or unsaturated?
Bromine solution. Unsaturated compounds will decolour the solution
Are alcohols saturated or unsaturated?
Saturated
What molecules do alcohols contain?
Carbon hydrogen and oxygen
What are alcohols commonly used as?
Fuels and solvents
Combustion definition?
When a substance burns in oxygen
What are the products in a combustion reaction?
Carbon dioxide and water
What are exothermic reactions?
Reactions which give out heat to the surroundings
What are endothermic reactions?
Reactions which take in heat from the surroundings
What is the general formula for alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
What is the pH of alcohols ?
7
What alcohols and carboxylic acids are miscible with water?
Methanol, ethanol and propanol (solubility decreases as size increases)
Methanoic, ethanoic, propanoic and butanoic acids
What functional group are alcohols a part of ?
Hydroxyl
What molecules do carboxylic acids contain?
Carbon hydrogen and oxygen
What functional group are carboxylic acids a part of
The carboxyl group
What are carboxylic acids used for?
Preparation of preservatives, soaps and medicines
Ethanoic acid vinegar for chips
What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?
CnH2n+1 COOH
What is the pH of carboxylic acids?
pH of less than 7
What do carboxylic acids react with to form salts?
Bases
Bases neutralise acids
What are the categories of bases?
Metal oxides
Metal hydroxides
Metal carbonates
What is the salt called for methanoic acid
Methanoate
Add oate to the end for salts instead of oic
What is the product when carboxylic acids react with metal oxides and metal hydroxides?
Salt and water
What is produced when carboxylic acids react with metal carbonates?
Salt water and carbon dioxide
