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Nat 5 chemistry > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Catalyst

A

A reactant that remains unchanged and doesn’t get used up in reaction. It speeds up the reaction.

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2
Q

Isotope

A

An isotope is two atoms with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons

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3
Q

Nuclide Notation

A

Mass number SYMBOL
Atomic number SYMBOL

Eg

35 CL
17

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4
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Covalent bonding is when Non-metal elements and hydrogen achieve a stable, full outer electron shell by sharing electrons

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5
Q

Ions

A

Ions are charged particles which are formed when a particle gains or loses an electron

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6
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Ionic bonds are the electrostatic forces of attraction between positive ions and negative ions

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7
Q

pH scale

A

The pH scale is used to measure how acidic or alkaline a solution is. It measures the ‘concentration of hydrogen ions, H+(aq) present. pH values range from below 0 (highly acidic) to above 14 (highly alkaline).

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8
Q

A neutral solution

A

A solution with the pH of 7

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9
Q

Neutralisation reaction

A

Neutralisation is the reaction of an acid with a base that results in the pH moving towards 7.

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10
Q

Spectator ions

A

They are ions that appear unchanged on both sides of the reaction

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11
Q

Homologous Series

A

It is a family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

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12
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

They are compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon

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13
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons

A

A hydrocarbon containing only single bonds

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14
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon containing only double bonds

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15
Q

Isomer

A

A compound with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

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16
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

A reaction that takes in energy

17
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

A reaction that releases energy

18
Q

Metallic bonding

A

The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and the sea of delocalised electrons

19
Q

Electrolysis

A

The decomposition of an ionic compound into its elements using electricity

20
Q

Polymers

A

A long chain molecule formed by joining together a large number of small molecules called monomers

21
Q

Repeating unit

A

The shortest section of a polymer chain which, if repeated, would give the complete polymer chain-they are easily identified by monomer by breaking open the double bond and leaving each carbon atom with a bond open

22
Q

Fertilisers

A

A substance which restores the essential elements to the soil

23
Q

Radioactive decay

A

The process where unstable nuclei are rearranged into more stable nuclei by the release of energy

24
Q

Half-life

A

The time for half of the nuclei of a particular isotope to decay

25
Q

What is an Addition Reaction

A

When two molecules join together to form one single product molecule

26
Q

What is a precipitation reaction?

A

When two solutions are reacted together and a solid forms

Nat 5 chemistry (4 decks)

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