Natures Chemistry Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbons are compounds made from carbon and hydrogen only.
What is a homologous series?
A homologous series is a family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.
Why do the melting and boiling points increase as the carbon number increases?
The larger the molecule the stronger the intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules.
Are alkanes soluble in water?
No.
What is a use of alkanes?
Fuels.
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are saturated, what does this mean?
They contain only single carbon-to-carbon bonds.
What is the general formula of alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is a use for alkenes?
To create alcohols.
Alkenes are unsaturated, what does this mean?
They contain carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What is the test for unsaturation?
Alkenes decolourise Bromine water.
What is a use for cycloalkanes?
Fuels and solvents.
What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?
CnH2n
What is an addition reaction in which you add Hydrogen called?
Hydrogenation.
What is an addition reaction in which you add Bromine/Chlorine called?
Halogenation.
What is an addition reaction in which you add water called?
Hydration.
What is an isomer?
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
What is the name of functional group found in alcohols?
Hydroxyl functional group.
What is a use of alcohols and why?
Fuels as they burn with very clean flames.
What is the general formula of alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
What is the name of the functional group found in carboxylic acids?
Carboxyl functional groups.
What are two uses of carboxylic acids?
Soap and Medicine.
What is the general formula of carboxylic acids?
CnH2n+1COOH
What is the name for a reaction that releases heat energy?
Exothermic reaction.
What is the name for a reaction that takes in heat energy?
Endothermic reaction.
If water is present what will happen to cobalt chloride paper?
It will change from blue to pink.
If carbon dioxide is present what will happen to limewater?
It will change from clear to cloudy.
What will an incomplete combustion cause?
Carbon monoxide.
What are two other impurities found in hydrocarbons and what do they create?
Sulfur - Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen - Nitrogen Dioxide
How do you reduce the risk of carbon monoxide?
Ensure there is a plentiful oxygen supply.
How do you reduce the risk of sulfur dioxide?
Remove sulfur before burning.
How do you reduce the risk of nitrogen dioxide?
Add a catalytic converter.
After a halogenation addition reaction, what is the compound called?
Dihaloalkanes
