nature vs nurture - sleep topic 2 Flashcards
Explain what is meant by WIlliam James’ phrase “Stream of consciousness?
consciousness as an uninterrupted flow
Explain how our conscious experience: Continuous, Ever-changing, Personal and Selective?
continuous: constantly changing on a continuum of awareness.
ever changing: constantly shifting and changing.
personal: your consciousness is your awareness of yourself and the world around you.
selective: the brain decides what information is important enough to reach our consciousness
Explain (using examples) Normal waking consciousness and altered states of consciousness.
altered state of consciousness: your ability to pay attention to certain tasks can be increased or decreased
normal waking consciousness: You can usually avoid focusing on unpleasant things.
Explain why sleep is considered an example of an altered state of consciousness?
Less response to the surroundings, less muscle movement, and reduced senses
Identify the two types of sleep.
REM: rapid eye movement
NREM: non rapid eye moment
Explain how brain waves may differ between someone in Stage 1 and REM sleep.
Stage 1 sleep: brain waves are slower and more relaxed.
REM sleep: brain waves are more active, similar to when you’re awake.
Identify the brain waves associated with stage 3 sleep.
In Stage 3 sleep, the brain waves are slow and are called delta waves
-Differentiate between the role of an EMG and EOG.
EMG: measures muscle activity and helps determine if muscles are relaxed or tense during sleep
EOG: tracks eye movements and helps identify the different sleep stages
Identify 2 characteristics of REM and NREM sleep.
REM Sleep:
Rapid Eye Movements: Eyes move quickly under the eyelids during REM sleep.
Vivid Dreams: Most vivid dreaming occurs during REM sleep.
NREM Sleep:
Slow Brain Waves: Brain waves are slower and more synchronised during NREM sleep.
Limited or Absent Eye Movement: Eye movement is minimal or absent during NREM sleep.
Identify the number of sleep cycles a person may experience each night.
A person typically experiences around 4 to 6 sleep cycles each night.
Explain with reference to sleep need and proportion of REM vs NREM sleep how a person’s sleep may differ from being an adolescent to an elderly person.
Adolescents: 8-10 hours a night and they have more REM sleep which is important for learning and memory.
elderly people:7-8 hours a night and have less REM sleep and more NREM sleep, which means they may not dream as much and have more interruptions during sleep
Identify the proportion of REM and NREM a newborn may get.
Newborns more REM sleep, around 50% to 80% of their total sleep time. The rest of their sleep is mostly NREM sleep.
Identify the number of hours of sleep a newborn should get.
A newborn should typically get around 14 to 17 hours of sleep per day.
identify and explain the circadian rhythm disorder which may mean that teenagers receive less sleep than they need.
circadian rhythm disorder: Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder (DSPD), With DSPD teens have a natural tendency to stay up later at night and struggle to wake up early in the morning. This can lead to them not getting enough sleep because their body clock is shifted later than usual.
Identify the two hormones which regulate the sleep-wake cycle.
Melatonin and Cortisol
