nature vs nurture

Question 1

Erikson’s stages of development

Answer 1

1. infancy
2. early childhood
3. childhood

Question 2

infancy

Answer 2

• trust is establish through adults constant care, this trust then generalized into other experiences and encounters in child’s life
• abandonment/ poor care giving leads to distrust on the part of the infant, failure to thrive and infant fails to gain weight, may be attachment issues

Question 3

early childhood

Answer 3

• terrible 2’s
• they ask new and important questions of self esteem
• lots of “why?”, “how?” etc. questions
• if their questions are ignored they may begin to doubt themselves and feel shame and lose self esteem

Question 4

childhood

Answer 4

• children become more adventurous and more independent
• develop responsibility and meaning and purpose for their existence
• guilt results when they feel they must succeed to the extreme, Elkin parents put their children in this position to succeed “the hurried child”
• no gender difference boys/ girls experience the same process

Question 5

gender socialization

Answer 5

• men have greater positions of power in society
• women are represented as 2nd economy e.g. less prestigious jobs, fewer benefits etc
• gifts we give boys keep them engaged in practice of visual special abilities e.g. legos, video games whereas opposite for girls e.g. clothes jewelry etc
• gender alone does not determine a skill

Question 6

Mooney and Airheart

Answer 6

• we handle baby boys different from baby girls right at birth
• we cradle baby girls and and hold them as if they are fragile
• we are more laid back with baby boys
• in the maternity ward baby boys have more agressive stuffed animals (e.g. lions) baby girls have more gentle ones (e.g. bunnies)

Question 7

non- verbal ques

Answer 7

• girls are trained early to be sensitive to the wishes of others, research tells us this is why girls are people pleasers who often exercise the good girl syndrome
• to recognize and appreciate non- verbal ques of acceptance starts in the early tender years and continues onto adulthood

Question 8

susceptibility of social influence

Answer 8

-researchers say that early on girls notice there is such a thing as male masculine power, being the good girls they are they preserve groups harmony and enhance positive feelings

Question 9

Baso

Answer 9

• believes women are more likely to be in nurturing roles in our society more as a consequence of gender stereotypes than as an important nurturing ability
• beleives differences exist more between boys and girls because of nurture not nature

Question 10

Judith Bridges

Answer 10

• we have predisposed children at a very young age to differences that are artificially constructed thus different social realities for boys and girls
• encourages us to critically think of what we might encounter in society that encourages/ discourages similar socialization, when looking at baby cards focus more on the fonts, colours, etc., she wants us to evaluate what the sociological message is in the cards we are deciding on

Question 11

Armstrong and Armstrong

Answer 11

-the biased social construction of of reality for boys and girls is very wrong on the part of society

Question 12

5 visual characteristics of congratulatory baby cards

Answer 12

1. colour of envelope
2. colour of front page
3. font colour
4. shape of card
5. images in the setting and decorations

Question 13

3 verbal characteristics of congratulatory baby cards

Answer 13

1. number of words
2. style of the message- rhyming, etc.
3. quality of the message- serious, funny

Question 14

possible 4 additional verbal characteristics

Answer 14

1. physical descriptors
2. non- physical descriptors
3. sex specific interests
4. emotions or experiences of adults or the baby