Nature’s Chemistry #2: Everyday Consumer Products Flashcards
Alcohol functional group
Hydroxyl (-OH)
Alcohol ends in
Ol
General formula of saturated straight chains in alcohols
CNH2N+1OH
Alcohols summary
- contain hydroxyl functional group
- have names ending in ‘ol’
- saturated straight chains have the general formula CnH2n+1OH
How are alcohols named?
The number of the C the functional group is on is placed in the middle
Alcohols have…
Low boiling points and evaporate easily
As alcohols increase in size…
- Their melting and boiling points increase due to increasing size of intermolecular forces
- more energy is required to break the intermolecular forces = higher mp and bp
What alcohols are miscible with water? What does this show?
- Methanol ethanol propanol
- Therefore, solubility decreases as size increases
Alcohols are very effective as
Solvents
What can alcohols dissolve? What can they be used to make?
The dissolve a variety of different compounds and are used to make perfumes, deodorants, paints, and dyes
Alcohols are useful in
Cleaning products and can be found in screen wipes, disinfectant wipes, and hand sanitisers
Alcohols + flammability
Alcohols are highly flammable and burn to produce a clean blue flame to produce CO2 and H2O
Carboxylic acids summary
- contain the carboxyl (-COOH) functional group
- names ending in ‘oic acid’
- general formula CnH2n+1COOH
As carboxylic acids increase in size…
Their melting and boiling points increase as there is an increasing strength of intermolecular forces
What carboxylic acids are miscible with water
Methanoic, ethanoic, propanoic, butanoic
What can be said about solubility of carboxylic acids?
Solubility decreases as size increases
Solutions of carboxylic acids have what pH?
less than 7
Carboxylic acids can react with:
- metals
- metal oxides
- metal hydroxides
- metal carbonates
Carboxylic Acid + metal
Ethanoic acid + magnesium
magnesium ethanoate
Carboxylic Acid + metal oxide
Propanoic acid + lithium oxide
Lithium propanoate
Carboxylic Acid + metal hydroxide
Ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide
Sodium ethanoate
Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate
Ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide carbonate
Sodium ethanoate
Carboxylic acid uses
Preparation of preservatives, soaps, and medicines
What is vinegar?
- a solution of ethanoic acid
- can be used in household cleaning products because it is a non toxic acid
