Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Earth and Space Science > Nature of Science > Flashcards

Nature of Science Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Attributes of science

A
  1. Discovers and documents natural phenomena
  2. Constructs and evaluates explanations of phenomena
  3. Objective
  4. Testable
  5. Public
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Attributes of Pseudoscience

A
  1. Cannot be tested
  2. Not backed by facts or data
  3. Based on dogma
  4. Lack of evidence against it serves as evidence for it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an observation?

A

An observation is something noted or perceived using one or more of the five senses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an inference?

A

An inference is a conclusion reached by using prior observations. Inferences may change as new observations are made.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is biology?

A

From words “bios” and “logia”. Means “study of life”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is chemistry?

A

The branch of science that deals with the changes and reactions between substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is physics?

A

The branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is geology?

A

The study of the structure of the earth and its origin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is astronomy?

A

The study of the observable universe beyond the atmosphere of Earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest amount of matter that can exist while being recognized as pertaining to a certain substance. Makes up all matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a proton?

A

A positive sub-atomic particle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False: Neutrons are positive sub-atomic particles.

A

False. Neutrons are neutral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False: Electrons are negative sub-atomic particles.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False: Atomic mass depends on the amount of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

A

False. Atomic mass is roughly the number of protons and neutrons in an element (explanation: they both weigh about 1u).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False: The Atomic number depends on the amount of protons an element has.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the periodic table of elements?

A

A form of classification for all the known elements. Grouped based on atomic mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the columns in the periodic table known as?

A

Groups or families.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the rows in the periodic table known as?

A

Periods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are elements?

A

Pure substances that cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who is Dmitri Mendeléev?

A

The creator of the first version of the table of elements (1869).

21
Q

Inference or an observation? If it’s an observation, what kind?- The grass is wet.

A

Observation; qualitative.

22
Q

Inference or an observation? If it’s an observation, what kind?- The bird is a foot tall.

A

Observation; quantitative.

23
Q

Inference or an observation? If it’s an observation, what kind?- The rock was formed by volcanic activity.

A

Inference.

24
Q

What are some types of pseudosciences?

A

Astrology, herbalism, creationism (intelligent design), numerology, 2012 apocalypse, psychokinesis, polygraphy, hypnosis, dowsing, and homeopathy.

25
Q

What are some pseudosciences?

A

Astrology, numerology, 2012 apocalypse, psychokinesis, polygraphy, creationism (intelligent design), herbalism, hypnosis, dowsing, and homeopathy.

26
Q

What is a qualitative observation?

A

An observation based on measurements.

27
Q

What is a qualitative observation?

A

An observation based on descriptive language (e.g. something being “smelly”, “sour”, or “white”).

28
Q

Inference or an observation? If it’s an observation, what kind?- The grass is wet.

A

Observation; qualitative.

29
Q

What are the layers of the earth?

A

Core (mainly iron and nickel, solid), mantle (mostly iron and magnesium, liquid), and crust (mostly oxygen and silicon, outer layer).

30
Q

What are some sciences?

A

Chemistry, geology, biology, and physics.

31
Q

Where are the alkali metals and what do they have in common?

A

Group IA (excluding Hydrogen). They each have 1 electron in its outer shell.

32
Q

Where are the alkaline earth metals and what do they have in common?

A

Group IIA. They are all metals and have 1 electron in each elements’ outer shell.

33
Q

Where are the transition elements and what do they have in common?

A

Group B. They are all metals despite the fact that the number of electrons in each respective elements’ outer shell vary.

34
Q

Where is the boron family and what do they have in common?

A

Group IIIA. 3 electrons in each elements’ outer shell.

35
Q

Where is the carbon family and what do they have in common?

A

Group IVA. 4 electrons in each elements’ outer shell.

36
Q

Where is the nitrogen family and what do they have in common?

A

Group VA. 5 electrons in each elements’ outer shell.

37
Q

Where are the alkaline earth metals?

A

Group IIA.

38
Q

Where are the transition elements?

A

Group B.

39
Q

Where is the boron family?

A

Group IIIA.

40
Q

Where is the carbon family?

A

Group IVA.

41
Q

Where is the nitrogen family?

A

Group VA.

42
Q

Where is the oxygen family and what do they have in common?

A

Group VIA. 6 electrons in each elements’ outer shell.

43
Q

Where are the halogens and what do they have in common?

A

Group VIIA. 7 electrons in each elements’ outer shell.

44
Q

Where are the noble gases and what do they have in common?

A

Group VIIIA. All contain a full set of electrons in each elements’ outer shell.

45
Q

Where is the lanthanide series and what do they have in common?

A

Group B. They are all rare-earth elements.

46
Q

Where is the actinide series in the periodic table and what do they have in common?

A

Group B. They are radioactive and mostly man-made.

47
Q

How many spheres is the earth composed of and what are they called?

A

Four. The lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

48
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

(Also known as solid Earth) Consists of the planet’s core, mantle, and crust.

Earth and Space Science (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions