Nature of Predation Flashcards

1
Q

Types of predator specializations?

A

Monophagous, oligophagous, polyphagous, most predators broad in prey

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2
Q

What must be taken into account when analysing pop dynamics?

A

Animals food access, not just food observed to be eating

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3
Q

What does prey selection depend on?

A

Integral part of a mixed, balanced diet
Highest nutritional value
Most sustainable to consume

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4
Q

Prey selection for carnivores?

A

Energy gained per unit of handling time and lessenging chance of damage to self

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5
Q

Optimal Foraging Theory

A

This says that traits that maximise surplus energy gained per unit time from foraging are selected or an individual

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6
Q

How do OFT assumptions differ with specialists/generalists?

A

Long tim hunting prey or not, expending energy, however giving up profit in consuming particular prey

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7
Q

OFT in equation form…

A

E/H > e/(s+h)

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8
Q

Derive OFT equation…

A

E energy content, H handling time, being diet profitability

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9
Q

What does OFT model indicate?

A

Predator should continually add less profitable items to their diet, so long as it increases overall rate of energy intake

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10
Q

What does OFT predict?

A

Inverse proprtionate relationship between handling and search times, predator being generalist when handling time short

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11
Q

What does switch from optimal diet occur?

A

When different prey occupy different microhabitats and profitabiltiy change with density

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12
Q

Equation for Optimal Foraging Theory…

A

Ei/Hi > e/(s+h)

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13
Q

Derive OFT equation…

A

E energy content, H handling time(profitability of diet

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14
Q

What does the OFT equation tell you?

A

Predator should continually add less profitable items to their diet, so long as energy intake increases

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15
Q

Example of feeding in presence of predators…

A

Barn Owl affects realised niche/foraging behaviour of heteromyid rodents, who move to microhabitats to where predators not present

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16
Q

What are three categories of plant defense to herbivory?

A

Deterrancce
Resistance
Tolerance

17
Q

Production of plant defences…

A

Anticipating attack or direct response to one

18
Q

Example of secondary chemical production…

A

Coupled with reduced growth like oxalic acid and ctanide

19
Q

Apparency Theory

A

Classifies plants as apparent, K-strat, and unapparent, R-strat, investing in tannins and secondary chemicals.

20
Q

Example of production of compounds in presence of predators?

A

Jasmonates concentrates in important tissues, affecting ants that attack herbivores

21
Q

How many plants compensate herbivory?

A

Removal of shaded leaves
Distribution of photosynthate energy stores
Bud stimulation thats otherwise dormant

22
Q

Herbivory effect on plants…

A

Young trees face death with tissue degradation by squirrels when cambial tissue and phloem are torn from the xylem

23
Q

Example of herbivores acting as vectors for disease…

A

Scolytid beetles feed on twigs of elm trees, vector for DED

24
Q

Examples of animal defences…

A

Snails in shells
Mammals in burrows
Threat displays

25
Q

Monarch Butterflies defence

A

Predate milkweed containing glycosides that are poisonus to vertebrates

26
Q
A