Nature of molecules, Chapter 2

Question 1

Anatomic number

Answer 1

Determine by the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 2

Anatomic Mass

Answer 2

• Sum of protons and neutrons
• measured in Daltons 6.02x1023 daltons/1 gram

Question 3

Cation

Answer 3

Positive charge

Question 4

Anion

Answer 4

Negative charge

Question 5

Isotopes

Answer 5

• Atoms of a single element with a different number of neutrons
• Named based on their atomic mass

Question 6

Radioactive Isotope

Answer 6

• unstable meaning their nucleus has a tendency to break apart= Radioactive decay

Question 7

Half-life

Answer 7

• the time it takes the atoms to decay
• half of whatever isotopes has decay

Question 8

Carbon 14

Answer 8

• Use for living tissue bond
• Carbon isotopes exist natural in known ratios

Question 9

Bohr Model

Answer 9

Way to view anatomic structure, with electrons in discrete orbitals

Question 10

Orbitals

Answer 10

Around a nucleus where electrons are most like

Question 11

Oxidation

Answer 11

loss of electrons

Question 12

Reduction

Answer 12

Gain of electrons

Question 13

Rule of 8

Answer 13

Atoms establish completely full of outer energy levels (8 electrons)

Question 14

Elements found in the 96.3% weight of your body

Answer 14

Carbon, hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 15

Ionic Bond

Answer 15

• Attraction of opposite charges, strong
• Form crystals

Question 16

Covalent bonds

Answer 16

Sharing Electrons pairs, very strong

Question 17

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 17

Sharing of hydrogen atom- has 1 electron

Question 18

Hydrophobic Interaction

Answer 18

Forcing of the hydrophobic portion of molecules together in the presence of polar substances, weak

Question 19

• Double convents bonds
• Triple covalent bonds

Answer 19

• Share 2 pairs of electrons
• Strongest covalent bonds

Question 20

Polarity- Nonpolar

Answer 20

• Bonds between identical atoms
• The affinity for electrons is the same and electrons are shared equally

Question 21

Polar bonds

Answer 21

• Charge is not uniform

Question 22

Chemical reactions

Answer 22

formation of making and breaking chemical bonds

Question 23

Reactions

Answer 23

Molecules before a reaction starts

Question 24

Products

Answer 24

The molecule resulting from a chemical reaction

Question 25

Chemical reactions impacted by?

Answer 25

1) Temperature 2) Concentration of reactants and products 3) Catalysts- substances

Question 26

Water molecules is a?

Answer 26

Polar covalent bond

Question 27

Most important chemical property of water is ?

Answer 27

Hydrogen bonds

Question 28

Cohesion

Answer 28

- Polarity of water allows water molecules to be attracted to one another - Responsible for being a liquid (not gas)

Question 29

adhesion

Answer 29

Water adheres to any substance with which it can form hydrogen bonds

Question 30

Capillary action

Answer 30

water is attracted to polar molecules- this is responsible for capillary action

Question 31

Emergent properties

Answer 31

- Water has a high specific heat - water has a high heat of vaporization - Solid water is less dense than liquid water - Water is good solvent - Water organizes non polar molecules

Question 32

Hydratation shell

Answer 32

Prevents them from associating with other crystal lattice

Question 33

Hydrophobic exclusion

Answer 33

Nonpolar molecules aggregate in water

Question 34

Nonpolar molecules are?

Answer 34

Hydrophobic- not form H-bonds with water

Question 35

Spontaneous ion formation

Answer 35

ionization

Question 36

pH measures?

Answer 36

Concentration

Question 37

Substance that disassociates in water to increase the H+ concentration?

Answer 37

Acid

Question 38

Any substance that combines with H+ when dissolved in water(lowering H+ concentration

Answer 38

Base

Question 39

- Resist changes in pH

Answer 39

Buffer

Question 40

In human blood is an acid-base pair consisting of carbonic acid (acid) and bicarbonate (base)

Answer 40

The key buffer