Nature Of Learner Flashcards
Dynamic process of change that occurs in the physical, psychological, social, spiritual and emotional constitution and make up of an individual which starts from conception to death
Human development
Quantitative. Involving increase in the size of the parts of the body
Growth
Qualitative. Involving gradual changes in character
Development
TWO MAJOR PROCESSES THAT TAKE PLACE DURING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
•learning
•maturation
Includes the time from conception to birth, from single cell to an organism complete with brain and behavioral capabilities produced in 9 months (270-280 days or 40 weeks).
prenatal development
The sum total of characteristics which are biologically transmitted through parents to offspring.
Heredity
Extends from birth up to 18-24 months, characterized by time of extreme dependence on adults, babyhood and the beginning of many psychological activities like language, symbolic thought, sensorimotor coordination and social learning.
Infancy
→Head turns to direction of touch, lifts chin and head. Hold head erect, reach for objects, sit with support, stand with help, crawl and walk with support
Sensorimotor development
Begins from the end of infancy to about 5-6
years which is sometimes called “Pre-school
years”
Become more self sufficient and care for themselves
Develop school readiness skills like identifying letters and following instructions.
Spend many hours in play with peers.
How the child’s pre-school experiences affects his growth and development:
→ If physiological and psychological
needs are met, the child develops a healthy and pleasant personality.
→Learn to communicate and develop understanding of himself and his
Early childhood
This is the period where:
The fundamental skills of reading, writing and arithmetic are mastered.
When the child is formally exposed to the world and its culture, he/she becomes more achievement centered with increased self-control.
Middle and late childhood (school age)
Marks the transition from childhood to early adulthood; approximately from 10-12 years and ending at 18-22 years old. This is where full physical development is achieved.
Adolescence
→ Marked by the development of sexual characteristics, production of sex hormones and physical capability of reproduction, onset of menarche or menstruation.
→Pursuit of independence and an identity is prominent
→ Thoughts are more logical, abstract and idealistic
→ More time is spent outside family
→ More marked internal than external development during later adolescence.
→ Spends more time with the physical looks and improving appearance.
Puberty
Begins in late teens or early twenties through the thirties. It is a period of •Establishing personal and economic independence
•Career development
• Selecting mate
Early adulthood
From 35-45 years old up to 65 years old. It is characterized by:
Menopause for women
Climacteric or andropause for men Time of expanding personal and social
involvement and responsibility, assisting the next generation in becoming competent.
Middle adulthood
Or senescence, begins from 65-80 years old and lasts until death.
Time of adjustment to decreasing strength and health
Life review
Retirement
Adjustment to new social rules
Affiliations with members of one’s age group
Late adulthood
