LEARNING THEORIES

Question 1

a coherent framework and set of integrated concepts and principles that describe, explain or predict how people learn, how learning occurs, and what motivates people to learn and change

Answer 1

Learning theories

Question 2

Learning theories useful to health education

Answer 2

-behavioral learning theory
-cognitive psychology
-social learning theory

Question 3

Learning is the result of connections made between STIMULUS (S) conditions in the environment and the individual’s REESPONSES (R)

Answer 3

Yes true

Question 4

Famous RUSSIAN physiologist

Answer 4

Ivan pavlov

Question 5

A kind of learning in which in previously neutral stimulus comes to illicit a response through its association with a stimulus that naturally brings about the response.

Answer 5

Classical conditioning

Question 6

Classical conditioning involves the interplay between three elements:

Answer 6

-Condition stimulus
-unconditioned stimulus
-condition response

Question 7

What are the four components of condition

Answer 7

-The unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
-The unconditioned response (UCR)
-The condition stimulus (CS)
-The condition response (CR)

Question 8

Is the one that unconditionally, naturally and automatically triggers a response

Answer 8

The unconditioned stimulus

Question 9

Is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned response

Answer 9

The unconditioned response

Question 10

The previously neutral stimulus that active becoming associate with the unconditioned stimulus eventually comes to trigger condition response

Answer 10

The condition stimulus

Question 11

Is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus

Answer 11

The conditioned response

Question 12

It is a technique based on respondent conditioning that is used by psychologist to reduce fear and anxiety in their clients

Answer 12

Systematic desensitization

Question 13

It is the tendency of initial learning experiences to be easily applied to other similar stimuli

Answer 13

Stimulus generalization

Question 14

It is useful respondent conditioning concept that needs to be given careful consideration in relapse prevention program

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Stimulus recovery

Question 15

He invented the skinner box associated with operant conditioning

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Bf skinner

Question 16

Behavior is followed by a consequence and the nature of the consequence modifies the organisms tendency to repeat the behavior in the future

Answer 16

Operant conditioning

Question 17

Any sequence of behavior that leads to an increase in the probability of its occurrence

Answer 17

Positive reinforcement

Question 18

A negative consequence that leads to a reduction in the frequency of the behavior that produced it

Answer 18

Punishment/negative reinforcement

Question 19

What are the ways of employing positive reinforcement

Answer 19

-Verbal ways
-Nonverbal ways
-Citing in class or publishing on the bulletin board exceptional works or outputs

Question 20

Classification of educational reinforces

Answer 20

-Recognition
-Tangible rewards
-Learning activities
-School responsibilities
-Status indicators and incentive feedback
-Personal activities

Question 21

Learning is viewed as an active process that occurs within the learner and which can influence by the learner

Answer 21

Cognitive learning theory

Question 22

This theory focuses on the inner mental activities opening of the black box of human mind is vital in understanding how people learn

Answer 22

Cognitive learning theory

Question 23

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

Answer 23

-A comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence
-it is primarily known as a developmental stage theory but in fact it deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans come gradually to acquire construct and use it

Question 24

Is the first of the four stages in cognitive development which extends from birth to the acquisition of language

Answer 24

Sensori motor stage

Question 25

Covers from about 2 to 7 years old, roughly corresponding to the preschool years

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Pre-operational stage

Question 26

During the stage the child learns to use and to represent objects by images words and drawings
The child is able to form stable concepts as well as mental listening and magical beliefs

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Pre-operational stage

Question 27

This is the ability to represent objects and events a symbol is the thing that represent something else

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Symbolic function

Question 28

This is the ability of a child to only see his point of view and to assume that everyone also has his same point of view

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Egocentrism

Question 29

This refers to the tendency of the child to only focus on the one aspect of a thing or event and exclude other aspects

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Centration

Question 30

The pre-operational children still has the inability to reverse their thinking

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Reversibility

Question 31

This is the tendency of the children to attribute human like traits or characteristics to inanimate objects

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Animism

Question 32

This refers to the pre-operational child’s type of reasoning that is neither inductive or deductive reasoning appears to before from particular to a particular

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Transductive reasoning

Question 33

This stage which follows the pre-operational stage occurs between the ages of seven and 11 years and is characterized by the appropriate use of logic

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Concrete operational stage

Question 34

Where the child takes into account multiple aspects of a problem to solve it

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Decentering

Question 35

The child understands that numbers are objects can be changed then returned to their original state

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Reversibility

Question 36

Understanding that quantity lens or number of items is unrelatable to the arrangement or appearance of the object or items

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Conservation

Question 37

The ability to sort of objects in an order according to size shape or any other characteristic

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Seration

Question 38

Intelligence is demonstrated through the logical use of symbols related to abstract concepts

Answer 38

Formal operational stage

Question 39

This is the ability to come up with different hypothesis about a problem and to gather and weight data in order to make a final decision or judgment

Answer 39

Hypothetical reasoning

Question 40

This is the ability to perceive the relationship in one instant and then use the relationship to narrow down possible answer in another similar situation or problem

Answer 40

Analogical reasoning

Question 41

This is the ability to think logically by applying a general rule to a particular instance or situation

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Deductive reasoning

Question 42

Refers to a theory describing the different ways students learn and acquire information. This multiples intelligence range from the use of words number pictures and music to the importance of social interaction introspection physical movement and being in tuned with nature

Answer 42

Multiple intelligences

Question 43

The first step in boundaries model is a necessary condition for any learning to occur

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The attentional phase

Question 44

The second step involves the storage and retrieval of what was observed

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Retention phase

Question 45

Third is during which the learner copies the observed behavior mental rehearsal immediate enactment and corrective feedback strengthen the reproduction of behavior

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The reproduction phase

Question 46

The fourth step is in which focuses on whether the learner is motivated to perform

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The motivational phase

Question 47

The art and science of helping children to learn

Answer 47

Pedagogy

Question 48

Is the art and science of helping adult learn

Answer 48

Andragogy