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Russia 1855-1964 > Nature Of Government Under The Communists > Flashcards

Nature Of Government Under The Communists Flashcards

1
Q

When was the treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?

A

1918

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2
Q

When did Lenin die?

A

1924

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3
Q

When did Stalin die?

A

1953

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4
Q

When was Khrushchev removed from power?

A

1964

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5
Q

When did Khrushchev, Malenkov and Beria form the collective leadership?

A

1953

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6
Q

When did De-Stalinisation start?

A

1956

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7
Q

What did Lenin replace war communism with in 1921?

A
  • New Economic Policy.
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8
Q

What did Lenin publish in 1902?

A
  • “What is to be done” a collection of ideas on how Russia should be governed.
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9
Q

In what years were Lenin exiled?

A
  • 1897.
  • 1906-1917
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10
Q

When was Stalin appointed general Secretary of the Communist party?

A

1922.

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11
Q

When did Stalins power struggle take place?

A

1923 - 1927.

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12
Q

Who were Stalins main rivals during the power struggle?

A
  • Zinoviev.
  • Kamenev.
  • Tortsky.
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13
Q

When did Stalin introduce the planned economy and the police state?

A

1928 - 1933.

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14
Q

When did the great terror take place?

A

1936 - 1938.

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15
Q

Who was appointed head of the secret police in 1939?

A

Beria.

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16
Q

When did Khrushchev become prime minister of Ukraine?

A
  • 1944.
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17
Q

When did Khrushchev become secretary to the central committee?

A

1949.

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18
Q

When did Khrushchevs power struggle take place?

A

1953 - 1956.

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19
Q

When did Khrushchevs power struggle take place?

A

1953 - 1956.

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20
Q

Who were Khrushchev’s main rivals during the power struggle?

A

Malenkov and Beria.

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21
Q

What is dictatorship?

A
  • Absolute rule with no legal, economic, political or social restrictions.
22
Q

How did Stalin change the way Russia was governed?

A

Implemented a superstructure to control the base of society.

23
Q

How did Stalin implement his superstructure?

A

Command based economy.
Five Year Plans.
Collectivisation.

24
Q

How did Stalin keep control of his Superstructure?

A

Relied on one person being in control.
Cult of Personality.
Censorship.

25
Q

Why did Stalin implement his superstructure?

A

Practical solution to economic problems.
Serve his own megalomaniac personality.
Continue the work of Lenin.

26
Q

How did government change after Stalins death?

A

Move away from Stalinisation.
Roles of key communists changed.
Third of Party Central Committee were new.

27
Q

What form of leadership came about after Stalins death?

A

Collective leadership, rule by a group equally and not as one.

28
Q

How well did the collective leaders get on with each other?

A

Some arguments between Malenkov and Khrushchev.
Malenkov wanted consumerism and westernisation.
Khrushchev offered Virgin Land Campaign as an alternative.

29
Q

Why did Khrushchev introduce De-Stalinisation?

A

-Make Russia look better on the world Stage.
-Uphold his position
-Personal beliefs
-Denounce rivals

30
Q

What were Khrushchev’s criticisms of Stalin?

A

Never accepted by Lenin as competent.
Created a state unprepared for war.
Committed crimes against the people.
Committed misdemeanours against outsiders who should have been accepted, Bela Kun of Hungary.

31
Q

What was the anti-party group?

A

A group who attempted to abolish role of First Secretary of the Party to weaken Khrushchevs power.

32
Q

Who was the anti-party group made up of?

A

Molotov, Kagonovich and Malenkov.

33
Q

Why were the anti-party group unsuccessful?

A

Only Party Central Committee could change the party structure.
Group was illegal.
All members involved removed from presidium.

34
Q

What was the Central Executive Comitee responsible for

A

-The Politburo
-The Orgburo
-The Ogburo

35
Q

What was the Politburo

A

-A small elite group of Bolsheviks responsible for formulating policy
-Dominated the Central Commitee and running the party

36
Q

What was the Orgburo

A

-Office organising party affairs

37
Q

What was the Ogburo

A

-Responsible for maintaining order and dealing with opposition

38
Q

What changes did Stalin make to central government

A

-Establishment of autonomous soviet republics
-Supreme soviet met twice every year to discuss government policy

39
Q

What was Agitprop?

A

Agitation and Propaganda department.
Set up in 1921.
Promoted an idealised picture of Russian life.
Controlled broadcasting.

40
Q

What was the USW?

A

Union Of Soviet Writers.
All writers and literacy publishers had to join.
Control censorship and ideology.

41
Q

What was the MVD

A

-Established 1953 initially in the hands of Beria
-After Beria’s arrest MVD placed in the control of the Party Central Comitee
-1954 separated into the MVD and KGB
-Responsible for arrests of 11,000 counter revolutionaries

42
Q

How did Lenin use the army

A

-Used it to seize power during the October Revolution
-Used to the win the civil war under the guidance of Trotsky
-Army imposed war communism and grain requisitioning
-Numbered 5 million at the end of the civil war
-Put down Kronstadt rebellion

43
Q

How did Stalin use the army

A

-Helped to administer economic policy including grain requisitioning
-Played a role in the Great Terror and the Great purge
-Found itself purged with 40% of the upper echelon disappearing including Tukhachevsky
-Fought in WW2 against the Nazis
-After WW2 Zhukhov was removed and exiled
-Played a role in the Doctors plots

44
Q

How did Khruschev utilise the army

A

-Reduction in size from 3.6 million to 2.4
-Khruschev followed a policy of détente
-Flashpoints emerged in the shooting of a US spy plane 1960 and the Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

45
Q

What are the impact of the Civil War on peasant attitudes

A

-Numbers of peasants supported the red army
-Peasants also supported the white aaa there was significant opposition to war communism
-NEP attempted to appease the peasants

46
Q

What influence did collectivisation have on peasant unrest

A

-Program ignited peasant unrest as thousands died from the siffeeent phases
-Significant opposition arose as a result of the scale and speed of reform along with the loss of the mir in 1930
-Sugnificant numbers of peasants refused to cooperate and slaughtered numbers of cattle

47
Q

What was rural unrest like under Khruschev

A

-Relative stability

48
Q

What was the Cheka

A

-Established 1917 led by Dzerzhinsky
-Clamped down on any opposition and counter revolutionaries including the left SRs
-Implemented the Red terror and War communism
-Carried out grain requisitioning
-Eliminated the kulaks
-Administered labour camps
-Replaced by the GPU and later OGPU 1922

49
Q

What was the NKVD

A

-Formed 1934 headed by Yagoda to combat opposition to Stalin’s personal dictatorship
-NKVD crucial in the purges gathering evidence against Bukharin, Kamenev, Zinoviev
-Administered the gulags with 40 million people sent to the prison camps
-1938 Stalin purged the NKVD replacing yezhov with Beria purging 20,000 members

50
Q

How did the role of the secret police change under the communists

A

-Used to initiate a class war e.g Dekulakisation

Russia 1855-1964 (16 decks)

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