Nature of Crime - Topic 2 Flashcards
EARLY/MODERN PERIOD
1. can you give some points about vagrancy?
2. what were sturdy beggars?
3. what did the 1547 vagrancy act state?
- any of the following-
- The crime of having no fixed job or home
- The number of vagrants increased to 30,000 in the Tudor period
- A mix of unemployed farm workers, women, children, ex-soldiers, old and sick people - Those who were fit to work but decided a life of crime was easier were called sturdy beggars
- The 1547 vagrancy act stated any able-bodied person who had not worked to be branded with a V and sold to slavery for 2 years. Children were forced into service.
EARLY/MODERN PERIOD
can you name and describe 4 types of vagrant?
any of the following:
Abraham man- Pretended to be insane and followed people around until they gave them money
Counterfeit crank -Pretended to have violent fits and sucked on soap to froth at the mouth
Bare top trickster - Female beggars would flash men in the street and trick them into going with her into a house. There would be a gang of men waiting in the house to rob him.
Clapper dudgeon - Cut skin to make it bleed and then cover it with dirty rags. Some children were deliberately mutilated by their parents to get more money from passers-by.
Dangler - Carried a long wooden stick and would knock on people’s doors during the day to see what he could steal. Would return in the night and use the stick to steal items through the window which could then be sold.
Doxy - A female would carry a large bag on her back while sewing. Made it look like what she was sewing was going into the bag however she was picking up anything valuable and putting it in the bag instead. Commonly stole chickens.
EARLY/MODERN PERIOD
what were heretics given the opportunity to do before being burnt?
recant, meaning to say that they no longer hold their religious beliefs. If they did so, they would receive a prison sentence instead.
EARLY/MODERN PERIOD
can you give details about rawlins white and richard gwyn?
rawlins white
A poor protestant fisherman from cardiff who refused to recant protestant faith under Mary. He was burnt at stake 10th March 1555 . One of only 2 Welsh burned for heresy
richard gwyn
A Catholic teacher who declined to return to Anglicism under Elizabeth I. Also refused to attend Anglican church services
Was imprisoned over several years.
Found guilty of treason in 1583, and was hung, drawn and quartered.
INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
- what were the main items smuggled in the 18th century?
- what locations were chosen to land cargo from ships?
- tea, wine, spirits, lace
- secluded parts of the coastline e.g. small coves and river estuaries
INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
what are the roles of all the people in smuggling gangs?
investor - Put up the initial money to finance the operation.
spotsman - Brought ship with goods to right part of coast
lander - Arranged for tub boats to row out and collect cargo. Organised ponies and carts for manual labour.
tubsman - heavy lifting and carrying
batsman - protected the tubsman
INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
what were the two welsh locations for smuggling?
who was the welsh smuggler?
morfa bychan sands and brandy cove
william owen
INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
why did smuggling decline?
- The government reduced tax on tea and other goods in the late 18th and early 19th centuries so smuggling was no longer profitable.
- Watchtowers were built on the south coast of England to protect against french invasion, so smugglers were more likely to be caught.
- The creation of the coast guard in the 1820s also led to fewer opportunities.
INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
what is the difference between footpads and highwaymen?
- footpads did not have horses
- footpads were not as glamorous as highwaymen
- highwaymen used firearms
- highwaymen attacked stage coaches while footpads specialised attacking pedestrians
INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
can you describe dick turpin?
- Born in Essex in 1706
- Turned to highway robbery and joined with Tom King
- Their crimes resulted in an £100 reward for his and King’s capture
- In May 1737, Turpin and King were cornered during an attack. Turpin escaped but King was killed.
- Turpin fled to Yorkshire and, using a false name, he set up a business buying and selling horses.
In February 1739 he was arrested on suspicion of horse stealing, found guilty and hanged at York on 7th April 1739
INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
how did highway robbery come to an end?
- Continued urbanisation led to fewer isolated stretches of road
- Development of banking and people carried less money
INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
give some examples of urban crimes in the industrial period (4)
- pickpockets - City sizes gave more opportunity, and worked in large crowds. Stole pockets watches/handkerchiefs, pins and brooches from dresses etc
- prostitutes - Greater concern for exploitation of girls in brothels in london. Select Committee of 1882 stated prostitution was increasing.
- murder
- till friskers - Emptied tills of cash while the shopkeeper was distracted.
INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
how many women did jack the ripper kill?
where did he operate?
5
‘evil square mile’ including White Chapel, Aldgate and Spitalfields.
INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
give a brief description (3 points) of each of the following:
the luddites
the merthyr rising
chartism (llanidloes, newport)
scotch cattle
the luddites
- Started in 1811, and from 1812-1813 there were more protests
- Because of new machinery being built in textile industry
- The protests failed (14 were hung)
the merthyr rising
- 1831, 1st-7th of June
- Rebellion caused by unemployment, low wages, confiscation of property.
- Between 7000 and 10,000 rebels took over Merthyr Tydfil, however 26 put on trial, several transported and Dic Penderyn was executed.
chartism
- Demanded to grant vote to men over 21, annual elections, pay for MPs, & secret voting among other things - the People’s Charter
- Llanidloes - 3rd May 1939 there was an uprising. Attack on hotel housing police. Troops arrived after 5 days, 32 chartists arrested.
- Newport rising - chartists planned to march through valleys to newport. 3rd November 1939 3000 gathered. 20 killed from soldier’s fire, 500 imprisoned, were sentenced to death but transported to Australia instead.
scotch cattle -
- Industrial districts in south of wales
- Angry at truck system, high rents and continual wage reductions
- They called for strikes and attacked the property of industrialists
INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
describe the rebecca riots and the swing riots
rebecca riots
- 1839-1843 farmers disguised as women attacked toll gates
- Had suffered some poor harvests, then livestock prices fell. Many began to struggle to pay rent and the tolls.
- Sarah Williams, toll keeper, was killed in an attack on 7/09/43
swing riots
- 1830-1831, agricultural labourers attacked houses/barns belonging to rich farmers and landowners in south-east England.
- The Government arrested 2,000 people. 19 were hanged, 644 were jailed and 481 were transported to Australia.
