Nature of brain lesions/neuroimaging

Question 1

what is a meningioma

Answer 1

a tumour in the meningesw

Question 2

what are the meninges

Answer 2

the 3 protective layers on the surface of the brain

Question 3

what are the 3 meninges called

Answer 3

dura matter, arachnoid, and Pia matter

Question 4

what kind of damage does a meningioma cause

Answer 4

disruption of blood flow/disruption to neurons because it will push on the brain

Question 5

what is a glioma

Answer 5

tumour from the glial cells

Question 6

what are glial cells

Answer 6

supporting cells that bring nutrients to neurons/protect them

Question 7

what kind of damage will gliomas cause

Answer 7

destruction of neurons and potentially axons if tumour is close to white matter

Question 8

are most tumours gliomas or meningiomas

Answer 8

gliomas

Question 9

why aren’t tumours used to map brain function

Answer 9

because they grow too fast

Question 10

what are the 2 types of strokes.

Answer 10

ischemic and hemorrhagic

Question 11

what causes an ischemic stroke

Answer 11

obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot

Question 12

what kind of damage will we see in an ischemic stroke

Answer 12

localized to the brain area where the clot was, not as many deficits

Question 13

what causes a hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 13

defects in a blood vessel’s membrane thickness can cause aneurysms and if the aneurysm bursts this will result in a stroke

Question 14

what kind of deficits will we see in a hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 14

major deficits affecting various brain areas - less localized

Question 15

what are the 3 main arteries of the brain

Answer 15

middle cerebral, anterior cerebral and posterior cerebral

Question 16

which areas does the middle cerebral artery innervate

Answer 16

most of the lateral surface

Question 17

which areas does the anterior cerebral artery innervate

Answer 17

medial frontal and parietal lobes

Question 18

which areas does the posterior cerebral artery innervate

Answer 18

medial occipital and temporal lobes

Question 19

what is hypoxic brain damage

Answer 19

damage to the brain caused by restriction of oxygenw

Question 20

what are some potential causes of hypoxic brain damage

Answer 20

carbon monoxide posing, smoke inhalation

Question 21

what are TBIs caused by

Answer 21

violent blows to the head

Question 22

what is a focal brain injury

Answer 22

penetrating wound, laceration, open fracture, etc.

Question 23

what is a diffuse brain injury

Answer 23

a concussion or atonal injury - axons are disrupted in the brain causing a disconnect

Question 24

what is congenital genesis of the corpus callosum

Answer 24

born without or with a partial corpus callosum

Question 25

what is a callostomy and when do we do it

Answer 25

severing of the corpus callosum surgically and we do this on patients with severe epilepsy

Question 26

what is epilepsy

Answer 26

abnormal discharge in part of the brain which can spread to other brain areas

Question 27

what is pre surgical mapping

Answer 27

fMRI testing to localize brain function before surgery

Question 28

why is pre surgical mapping important

Answer 28

tumours and lesions can cause brain areas to shift which may cause the brain to be distorted so you have to localize function before