Brain structure and function

Question 1

what are the 3 main sections of the parietal lobe (lateral surface)

Answer 1

superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule and post-central gyrus

Question 2

the postcentral gyrus is associated with which cortex

Answer 2

somatosensory cortex

Question 3

what is the posterior parietal lobe

Answer 3

everything in the parietal lobe after the postcentral gyrus

Question 4

what are the 2 important gyri of the inferior parietal lobule

Answer 4

the supra marginal gyrus and the angular gyrus

Question 5

what are the 2 main sulci of the parietal lobe

Answer 5

the post-central sulcus and the intraparietal sulcus

Question 6

what does the post-central sulcus divide

Answer 6

the somatosensory cortex (post-central gyrus) from the posterior parietal lobe

Question 7

what does the intraparietal sulcus divide

Answer 7

the IPL from the SPL

Question 8

which Brodmann areas are associated with the somatosensory cortex

Answer 8

1,2, and 3

Question 9

the IPL is important for what function

Answer 9

language

Question 10

what stream is found in the parietal lobe

Answer 10

dorsal stream

Question 11

the parietal lobe is important for which function (generally)

Answer 11

spatial functions

Question 12

what kind of integration is the parietal lobe responsible for

Answer 12

multi-sensory integration

Question 13

the pre central gyrus is associated with which cortex

Answer 13

motor

Question 14

why does the motor cortex have long axons

Answer 14

to connect to the spinal cord to allow for communication and connections to the muscles allowing for movement

Question 15

what are the names of the subdivisions of the pre central sulcus

Answer 15

superior pre central sulcus and inferior pre central sulcus

Question 16

what is everything in front of the motor cortex called

Answer 16

the prefrontal cortex

Question 17

what are the 3 gyri of the prefrontal cortex

Answer 17

superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus

Question 18

which sulcus separates the SFG from the MFG

Answer 18

the superior frontal sulcus

Question 19

which sulcus separates the MFG from the IFG

Answer 19

the inferior frontal sulcus

Question 20

which important area is in the IFG

Answer 20

Broca’s area

Question 21

what is Broca’s area responsible for

Answer 21

language production

Question 22

what are the 3 parts of the IFG

Answer 22

pars orbital

Question 23

the pre central gyrus/motor cortex is associated with which Brodmann area

Answer 23

4

Question 24

where is the premotor cortex and which Brodmann area is it

Answer 24

next to the iFG and area 6

Question 25

what is the role of the premotor cortex

Answer 25

helps guide movement

Question 26

which Brodmann areas are the IFG

Answer 26

44 and 45

Question 27

what is the role of the MFG

Answer 27

monitering info in working memory - epoptic processing

Question 28

what is the role of the prefrontal cortex

Answer 28

higher order/executive functions (planning, organization, etc.)

Question 29

what is the role of the orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 29

regulated emotion, reasoning, impulse control

Question 30

the orbitofrontal cortex is connected to which other brain area and how

Answer 30

connected to the amygdala by the uncinate fasciculus

Question 31

what is the hand-motor region

Answer 31

a knob like area where motor function of the hand is controlled, this area is pretty much the same in all people

Question 32

what is the precuneus

Answer 32

the parietal part of the medial surface

Question 33

what is the cingulate sulcus

Answer 33

it curves above the corpus callous until the top of the brain

Question 34

the paracentral lobule is fund on each side of which sulcus

Answer 34

central sulcus

Question 35

what is the paracentral lobule responsible for

Answer 35

motor and somatosensory processing of the foot

Question 36

what does he paracentral sulcus indicated

Answer 36

the end of the motor area for the foor

Question 37

the lingual gyrus eventually becomes which other gyrus

Answer 37

parahippocampal

Question 38

the insula can be found within which fissure

Answer 38

the Sylvian fissure

Question 39

what is the operculum

Answer 39

the part of the cortex that covers the insula

Question 40

what are the 3 different operculum

Answer 40

frontal, parietal, and temporal

Question 41

before neuroimaging what function was associated with the insula

Answer 41

somatic visceral sensations/internal sensations

Question 42

with neuroimaging what are the roles of the insula

Answer 42

autonomic control, introspection, and supporting language production (supporting other cognitive functions and involuntary processes)

Question 43

what is the gustatory cortex responsible for

Answer 43

sense of taste

Question 44

the limbic cortex is also known as the

Answer 44

emotional brain

Question 45

which structures make up the limbic cortex

Answer 45

cingulate cortex, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus

Question 46

what are the subcortical structures

Answer 46

grey matter but not part of the cortex - in the middle of the brain

Question 47

name the subcortical structures

Answer 47

caudate. putamen, pallidum, thalamus, amygdala

Question 48

which 3 subcortical structures make up the basal ganglia

Answer 48

the caudate, putamen and palladium

Question 49

what is the basal ganglia important for

Answer 49

balance and guiding movement

Question 50

the basal ganglia is affected in which disease

Answer 50

Parkinson's

Question 51

what is the role of the amygdala

Answer 51

emotional processing (fear specifically) and the emotional aspect of memory

Question 52

what is the role of the nucleus accumbens

Answer 52

pleasure, reward system and motor functions

Question 53

what is the role of the thalamus

Answer 53

a relay for all the sensory info - the thalamus relays sensory info to the appropriate processing areas

Question 54

what is the only sense that doesn't pass through the thalamus and where does the info go

Answer 54

smell - goes straight to the piriform cortex

Question 55

what is the lateral geniculate nuclei responsible for

Answer 55

visual relay

Question 56

what is the medial geniculate nuclei responsible for

Answer 56

auditory relay

Question 57

what is the higher-order nuclei responsible for

Answer 57

higher-order cognitive functions

Question 58

what is the cerebellum important for

Answer 58

movement (posture, balance, motor learning, etc.)

Question 59

the cerebellum is a link between which 2 parts

Answer 59

spinal cord and cortex

Question 60

the brain stem is the link between...

Answer 60

the spinal cord and brain

Question 61

what is the brain stem important for

Answer 61

vital functions - support for breathing, heart beat, etc.

Question 62

what are the 3 parts of the brain stem

Answer 62

pons, medulla, midbrain

Question 63

which Brodmann area is the SMG

Answer 63

40