nature, forms and potential impacts of hazards Flashcards

1
Q

what is a hazard

A

a hazard is a threat which may be either natural or human which has the potential to cause loss of life, injury, property damage, socioeconomic disruption or environmental degradation.

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2
Q

what is a natural hazard

A

they are a naturally occurring event which are perceived to be a threat to people, the built environment and the natural environment.

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3
Q

what are are the three types of natural hazard

A

geophysical, hydrological,and atmospheric

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4
Q

what is a geophysical natural hazard

A

-caused by earth processes
-can be caused by internal earth processes if tectonic activity or by external processes of geomorphological origin involving mass movement
-examples are earthquakes, volcanic activity and mass movement.
-they are difficult to predict and impossible to stop

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5
Q

what is a hydrological natural hazard

A

-caused by the occurrence, movement and distribution of surface and underground water
-examples are floods, mudslides, and landslides
-usually the consequence of extreme weather events, or are a secondary effect of a natural disaster.

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6
Q

what is an atmospheric natural hazard

A

-processes operating in the atmosphere resulting in extreme weather or atmospheric conditions
-examples are hurricanes, tornadoes, drought and extreme cold
-there will usually be some advanced notice but due to the unpredictable nature of the weather it would mean that nothing can be done to stop the disasters

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7
Q

how are hazards characterised

A

-magnitude
-frequency
-duration
-spatial conditions
-speed of onset
-temporal spacing

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8
Q

what does the UN class a disaster as

A

-10+ people are killed
-100+ people are effected
-state of emergency is declared
-international assistance is called for

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