Nature, development and impact of international opinion up to 1978 Flashcards
How did the world react to the creation of the Bantustans?
Refused to recognise them as new nations
by late 70’s and early 80’s how many foreign businesses were operating in SA?
2000-2500
of the foreign businesses operating in SA how many of them were British?
1200
in the early 80’s how much did foreign companies invest in SA?
$30 billion
What % of industry did foreign businesses count for in the early 80’s?
20%
in the 70’s how much did the value of foreign companies operating in SA increase by?
400%
How many servants did well off white families usually employ?
1 to 4
what were homes in squatter camps made from?
Old tin cans, boxes and canvas
in 1978 what % of people had tuberculosis?
40%
In 1979 what % of people that had tuberculosis were black?
98%
How successfully was apartheid implemented 1958-78?
Ideological basis of Grand apartheid bantustans Political and economical success Opposition Foreign relations
How did world respond to Soweto uprising?
Outcry at use of armed policemen against children
What happened in London to oppose apartheid?
marches
What did SA leave?
left the commonwealth
What did priest John Collins do?
Set up defence and aid of SA and raised £750,000 for Treason Trial
What did British PM MacMillan do?
Went to SA to condemn them to change
Why was international reaction to apartheid hypocritical?
UN declaration of human rights clearly made SA a rogue state but SA’s mineral wealth and exploitation of cheap labour meant many countries had large investments in it
Between 1946 and 1980 what did the UN do?
passed 158 resolutions concerning SA
How did Britain react to Trade Sanctions on SA?
didn’t support them until 1964 when the General Assembly banned arms sales to the country
What happened to US, British and French trade with SA in the 50’s and 60’s?
Increased
What did the Security Council try to do in 1970?
tried to insist on sanctions but Britain, France and US all vetoed proposal as they thought SA was useful partner against communism
in 1971 what % of foreign investment did Britain provide in SA?
70%
what did the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) do in 1963?
expelled SA and asked members to close their air space to SA planes but countries that stopped trade, like Kenya, only found the other countries stepped in to take their place
What happened to the West Indies cricket tour in 1959?
it was abandoned
What happened to SA sport in 1964?
SA banned from Olympic Games
What did apartheid gov announce in 1967?
announced inability of ‘coloured’ player Basil D’Oliveira competing in upcoming English Cricket Tour of SA so England cancelled tour
What were there demonstrations against in 1969?
Springbok rugby tour of Britain
What happened to cricket tour in 1970?
cancelled by MCC and SA was excluded from international cricket until after Mandela’s release
What agreement was made in 1977?
Gleneagles agreement: commonwealth banned sporting contacts
What were the effects of the sporting sanctions?
in 1976 mixed race teams were allowed to represent SA at an international level but clubs inside SA mostly remained segregated
What had happened in Rhodesia by 1965?
white minority gov had declared independence and left British government
What was Verwoerd keen for with other African countries?
keen to get on well with them - helped by fact that newly independent ones were poor and needed to trade with SA. when he was killed Vorster continued policy of detente with black African states
when did Botswana become independent?
1966 - almost surrounded by SA troops so couldn’t afford to be aggressive
in 1919 what the League of Nations given SA?
Mandate over Namibia to prepare it for independence
What did SA do with Namibia mandate?
kept control and introduced apartheid
How Namibia aid SA?
Blacks outnumbered whites 7 to 1 but whites were in control which provided SA with a buffer against blacks in the north
What happened in Portugal in 1974?
there was a revolution in Portugal and in 1975, Mozambique and Angola became independent
What happened in Angola?
Civil war between UNITA and MPLA
SA backed UNITA
Black Africa backed MPLA
What happened to most of South Africa?
United against SA
When was the Muldergate Scandal?
1978
what was the Muldergate scandal?
Mulder was Vorster’s right hand man and gave 64 million rand to win friends and influence abroad
Forster had to resign
