Nature Conservation Legislation (Theme)

Question 1

What do RAMSAR sites protect and which convention was it?

Answer 1

Wetlands

Convention on Wetlands (1971)

Question 2

What is the Bern Convention?

Answer 2

The convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats (1979)

Question 3

What is the Bonn Convention?

Answer 3

The convention on the conservation of migratory species and wild animals (1979)

Question 4

What does CITES stand for and what year was it held?

Answer 4

Convention of International Trade of Endangered Species

flagship legislation

Question 5

What year was the UN World Charter? What are some issues with it?

Answer 5

1982
Somewhat of a desk exercise, fairly little actual action
No leading principles have come from this

Question 6

Does SDG 14 consider the environmental to be of intrinsic or of anthropocentric value?

Answer 6

Anthropocentric

‘Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development’

Question 7

What are the primary drivers of biodiversity loss, as stated in the targets of SDG15?

Answer 7

Habitat Loss

Question 8

How many species are on the IUCN red list? and how many are threatened with extinction?

Answer 8

105,700

>28,000

Question 9

Where did the Aichi Targets come from?

Answer 9

CBD (1992) (from Rio Summit)

Question 10

Summarise Target 15.9 from the SDGs.

Answer 10

That by 2020 biodiversity and ecosystem values will be integrated into all aspects of poverty alleviation, development and local planning

Question 11

Which convention did the Birds Directive (1979 revised 2009) and the Habitats Directive come from?

Answer 11

Bern Convention 1979

Question 12

What type of protection areas are associated with the Birds Directive?

Answer 12

SPA’s

Question 13

What type of protection areas are associated with the Habitats Directive?

Answer 13

SAC’s

Question 14

What does the Habitats Directive promote and protect?

Answer 14

Biodiversity

Habitats and species of European importance

Question 15

What do Annex 1 and Annex 2 list within the SACs?

Answer 15

Annex 1 lists Habitats

Annex 2 lists Species

Question 16

What is Natura 2000?

Answer 16

The largest coordinated network of protected areas in the world
18% of EU territory
6% marine territory

Question 17

What are the 5 acronyms for protected areas under Natura 2000?

Answer 17

SPAs
SACs
MNR
NNR
SSSIs

Question 18

Why is the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 a good piece of legislation?

Answer 18

Stood the test of time, few amendments
Can lead to prosecution
Clear guidance

Question 19

What is a critique of the National Parks accreditation?

Answer 19

Attracts tourists, which cause environmental damage e.g The New Forest (2005)
The Gower Peninsula not one to avoid this

Question 20

Which act created the Environment Agency?

Answer 20

The Environment Act 1995

Question 21

Which Directive lead to the the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 UK legislation?
(amended from numerous other regs 1994)

Answer 21

Habitats Directive

Question 22

Why are the Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations 2009 important?

Answer 22

puts pressure on organisations to be able to prove they have taken steps to prevent damage of any environmental medium

Question 23

What are LNRs and AONBs?

Answer 23

Local Nature Reserves

Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty

Question 24

Which Acts enforce NNRs?

Answer 24

Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

National Parks Act 1949

Question 25

What is a Heritage Coast?

Answer 25

1 mile+ of coastline with exceptional fine scenic quality, substantially undeveloped containing features of special significance and interest

Question 26

What are MCZs?

Answer 26

Marine Conservation Zones
They protect nationally significant species and habitat
Originally 1 site (Lundy Island)
As of 2016 there are now 50

Question 27

What are MPAs?

Answer 27

Marine Protection Areas
Zones where marine wildlife is protected from damage and disturbance
25% of UK waters
From the CBD and Marine Strategy Framework Directive
Holistic Approach

Question 28

What are some key point of UK Environmental legislation?

Answer 28

bats and roosts protected, even empty roosts
offence to disturb or harm protected species
offence to damage any structure used as shelter
all wild birds eggs protected (dead or alive)

Question 29

What are some key points of EU environmental legislation?

Answer 29

offence to deliberately capture/kill/injure/disturb any animal or bird species under EU law
offence to pick/uproot/collect/cut/destroy plant species
animals/plants must not be kept/transported/sold/exchanged/advertised for sale

Question 30

What was the amendment to the Wildlife and Countryside Act in 2004?

Answer 30

Illegal to be in possession of wild bird eggs collected from 1954-1981
Case: Dodsworth 1000+ eggs 2006 swot team 100 hours community service

Question 31

What was the amendment to the Wildlife and Countryside Act in 2012?

Answer 31

Vicarious Liability Offence 18a
made landowners and employers proactively responsible for wildlife management
Case: Ninah Stewart fined £675 for the actions of Peter Bell who killed a pheasant using poison which later went on to kill a Buzzard. No evidence was found that Ninah had taken reasonable steps to ensure her staff were informed on proper procedure and did not execute due diligence

Question 32

What are some points of guidance for Industry?

Answer 32

Impact of any changes to activities or potential development must be considered
awareness of conservation designations in business are
awareness of legislation changes in regards to the practice of the business

Question 33

Name 3 government bodies for conservation law?

Answer 33

DEFRA
EA
Natural England
Natural Resources Wales
Scotland natural heritage