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3rd form Biology > Nature and variety of life > Flashcards

Nature and variety of life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Characteristics of living organism?

A 
MRSHGREN
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Homeostasis
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
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2
Q

Levels of organisation

A 
Dans rap
atom 
molecule 
micro molecule 
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
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3
Q

Organelles in an animal cell?

A 
Nucleus
Mitochodria
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
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4
Q

Organelles in a plant cell?

A 
Nucleus
Mitochodria
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell wall
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5
Q

Function of nucleus?

A

Contains chromosomes that carry the genetic material.

Controls the activity of the cell

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6
Q

Function of chloroplasts?

A

Absorbs light energy which is used to make glucose in photosynthesis. Glucose is food for the plant

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7
Q

Function of the vacuole?

A

Membrane filled with cell sap. Which stores dissolved sugars, mineral ions and other solutes

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8
Q

Function of ribosomes?

A

Carry out protein synthesis. Using instructions from nucleus RNA

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9
Q

Function of Mitochondria?

A

Carry out reactions of resipration, releasing energy from glucose in a from the cell can use

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10
Q

Function of cell wall?

A

Gives shape and rigidity to the plant cell. Helping it to keep its shape. Made of cellulose

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11
Q

Functions of cell membrane?

A

Controls what enters the cell and what leaves the cell. It is selectively permeable

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12
Q

Name some cells

A 
Red blood cells
Sperm cells
Cilliated cell
Palisade cell
Nerve cell 
Root hair cell
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13
Q

Kingdoms?

A 
Plant 
Animal
Bacteria
Virus
Protoctista
Fungi
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14
Q

Facts about plant?

A 
Multicellular
Contain chloroplasts
Make there own food (photosynthesis)
Have cellulose walls
Store carbohhydrates as starch (or sucrose)
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15
Q

Facts about animals?

A 
Multicellular
Dont have chloroplasts
Dont make there own food
No cell wall
Often store carbohydrates as glycogen
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16
Q

Facts about fungi?

A 
Multicellular or unicellular
Dont contain chloroplasts
Dont make there own food
Cell walls made of chitin
May store carbohydrates as glycogen
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17
Q

Facts about protoctista

A 
Unicellular
Some have features like animal cells, some are like plants
Dont make there own food only if animals
Animal cells do not have cell walls.
Plants do. 
Animals store carbs as glycogen
Plants store as Starch (or sucrose)
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18
Q

Facts about bacteria?

A 
Unicellular
Dont contain chloroplasts
Some make there own food some dont
Lack a nucleus
Cell wall made of polysacharides and proteins
Store carbohydrate as glycogen
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19
Q

Facts about viruses?

A

Not cells
DNA surrounded by protein coat
Parasitic: live inside our living cells

20
Q

Heterotrophic

A

Consumes other organisms to obtain nutrients

21
Q

Autotrophic

A

Carries out photosynthesis to make own food

22
Q

What are specialised cells?

A

Stem cells that have developed new features. They have the structures and proteins to carry out there specific job.
e.g. red blood cell or sperm cell.

23
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

These are not specialised to a particular job , but are able to divide over to make new cells.
All cells begin as a stem cell.

24
Q

Carbohydrates made of?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
CHO
Simple sugars (fructose and glucose)

25
Q

Fats made of?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
CHO
3 fatty acids and glycerol

26
Q

Proteins made of?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
CHON
Many amino acids joined together

27
Q

Test for Glucose?

A

Benedicts Solution

28
Q

Test for Starch?

A

Iodine

29
Q

Test for Protein?

A

Biuret

30
Q

Test for Fats?

A

Emulsion

31
Q

Catalyst

A

A chemical which increases the rate of reaction without being used up itself in the reaction.
E.g. Enzymes

32
Q

How do enzymes work?

A

Lock and key theory
Substrate collides with enzyme
Substrate binds to active site
Reaction is speeded up because of strain in the chemical bonds.
Products don’t fit as well as the substrate did so they are released.
Enzyme free to catalyse more substrates.

33
Q

What affects the rate of Catalysing

A

As temperature increases there is more kinetic energy in the enzyme and substrate so they move faster.
More successful collisions.

34
Q

If temperature is too high in Catalysing?

A

pH rises so enzymes denature.

Substrates cannot Catalyse.

35
Q

Genome

A

The total DNA of an organism. Coding for all its characteristics.

36
Q

Gene

A

Short section of DNA within chromosome. It codes for specific protein.

37
Q

Chromosome

A

Straight strand of DNA.

Most cells contain pairs of chromosomes 2 strands with the same genes.

38
Q

DNA

A

The chemical which contains the information for making proteins
Contains instructions for the structures and reactions needed in all the cells of an organism
Double helix

39
Q

Pathogen

A

A microorganism which causes infectious diseases
They harm the host by releasing toxins and damaging the cells
All viruses are pathogens, some bacteria, fungi and protocsista can also be pathogens

40
Q

Decomposers

A

Feed by sacrotrophic nutrition
Secrete enzymes outside of their cells onto dead organism
Dead organism broken down into small, soluble molecules which are then absorbed by decomposer

41
Q

4 bases

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytisine
Guanine

42
Q

Cell

A

Smallest functional unit of life and contain a number of organelles, structures that carry out specific processes the cell needs to survive.

43
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of similar cells, which work together to carry out the same function
e.g. Muscle tissue

44
Q

Organs

A

Made up of several different tissue working together to carry out a more complex function
e.g. Human Heart make out of muscle

45
Q

Organ system

A

Made up of several different organs working together to carry out a complex function essential to life
e.g. circulating blood around body

3rd form Biology (5 decks)

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