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Analytical Chemistry > Nature And Scope Of Analytical Chemistry > Flashcards

Nature And Scope Of Analytical Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Processes that provide the basis for analytical measurements. It is any physical or chemical principle that can be used to study an analyte

A

Techniques

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2
Q

Detailed set of instructions for a particular analysis using a specified technique

A

Method

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3
Q

Set of written instructions for a particular analysis using a specified technique

A

Method

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4
Q

Set of written instructions on how to apply a method to a particular sample

A

Procedure

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5
Q

Set of written guidelines for the analysis of sample specified by an agency

A

Protocol

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6
Q

Match the following chemical and physical properties to the instrumental method used.

  1. Spectroscopy
  2. Coulometry
  3. Mass spectrometry
  4. Thermal gravimetry, DTA, DSC
  5. Potentiometry
  6. Amperometry, polarography
  7. Kinetic methods
  8. Activation and isotope dilution methods

A. Absorption of radiation
B. Radioactivity
C. Electrical potential
D. Thermal characteristics
E. Electrical Charge
F. Mass-to-charge ratio
G. Electrical Current
H. Rate of reaction

A

1A
2E
3F
4D
5C
6G
7H
8B

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7
Q

Sample that contains all the components of the matrix except the analyte

A

Blank

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8
Q

Experimental measurement that is proportional to the analyte concentration

A

Signal

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9
Q

The grade or purity of chemicals has a significant effect on the ____ in any analysis.

A

Accuracy

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10
Q

Highest purity chemical grade (≥95%)

A

ACS Grade

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11
Q

Usually solutions or dilutions of ACS grade materials

A

Reagent or Analytical Reagent (AR) Grade

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12
Q

Meets or exceeds requirements set by the US Pharmacopeia

A

USP grade

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13
Q

Meets or exceeds requirements set by the National Formulary

A

NF grade

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14
Q

Relatively high quality with exact levels of impurities unknown. Used for educational purposes

A

Laboratory grade

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15
Q

Chemicals with <90% purity. Often supplied in bulk for industrial or commercial applications

A

Technical or Commercial Grade

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16
Q

Type of analysis including macro, meso, micro, ultra micro is according to ___

A

Amount of sample

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17
Q

Errors and uncertainties are possible to eliminate in any chemical analysis. True or false.

A

False

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18
Q

_______ is an indication of the reproducibility (repeatability) of measurement, while ______ is a measure of agreement between an experimental result and an expected (or true) value.

A

Precision, Accuracy

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19
Q

Type of error that causes the data to be more scattered more or less symetrically around the mean. It is inherent to any type of analysis.

A

Random (indeterminate) error

20
Q

Type of error that causes mean of a set of data to differ from the accepted value. May lead to bias in measurement results

A

Systematic (determinate)

21
Q

These errors are often large, and may cause a result to be either high or low. This often leads to outliers

A

Blunder (gross error)

22
Q

Type of systematic error that is caused by non-ideal instrumental behavior

A

Instrumental error

23
Q

Type of systematic error that arises from non-ideal chemical or physical behavior of analytical system

A

Method error

24
Q

Type of systematic error that arises from the system itself, hence, the most difficult to deal with.

A

Personal errors

25
Q

Test for outliers in place of the Q-test

A

Grubbs test

26
Q

A simple, widely used statistical test for deciding whether a suspected result should be retained or rejected

A

Dixon’s Q-test

27
Q

Refers to the range of values within which the true mean is expected to lie with a certain probability

A

Confidence interval

28
Q

Boundaries of confidence level

A

Confidence Limits

29
Q

Probability that the true mean lies within the certain interval

A

Confidence level

30
Q

Probability that the result is outside the confidence interval

A

Significance level

31
Q

The smallest concentration or absolute amount of analyte that has a signal significantly larger than the signal from a suitable blank

A

Detection limit

32
Q

Ability to report the analyte with confidence in it’s concentration.

A

Limit of quantitation

33
Q

Done by the use of standards that can be prepared from purified reagents or standardized by classical quantitative methods

A

Calibration

34
Q

These are solutions containing known amounts of analyte are prepared separately from the samples. A calibration technique that can analyze series of samples using one calibration curve.

A

External standards

35
Q

Plot of the instrument response versus known analyte concentration

A

Calibration or standard curve

36
Q

These are used to create raw instrument responses

A

Blank

37
Q

There are two types of blanks. A ____ contains the same solvent in which the sample is dissolved, while ____ contains the solvent plus all the reagents used in sample preparation.

A

Solvent blank, reagent blank

38
Q

It refers to the reference species different to the analyte, but is chemically and physically similar to analyte. It is added to all samples and standards containing the analyte.

A

Internal standard.

39
Q

In this type of calibration technique, a known amount of a standard solution of the analyte is added to one portion of the sample. Can be performed with or without dilution

A

Single standard addition

40
Q

T-test performed to compare the mean values of the large population and the small sample take from the population

A

One-sample t-test

41
Q

T-test performed to compare the mean values of two independent samples.

A

Two-sample t-test

42
Q

T-test performed to compare the mean values of two independent samples.

A

Two-sample t-test

43
Q

T-test used to compare the mean values of samples taken at two different times.

A

Paired sample t-test

44
Q

It determines the relationship between the analytical response (signal) and the analyte concentration.

A

Standardization

45
Q

Single point standardization leads to determinate errors. Therefore multiple point standardization should be done, which must include _____ standards.

A

At least three

46
Q

To improve the reliability and to obtain information about the variability of the results _____ is carried out through an analytical procedure in exactly the same way.

A

Replicates

47
Q

To improve the reliability and to obtain information about the variability of the results _____ is carried out through an analytical procedure in exactly the same way.

A

Replicates

Analytical Chemistry (16 decks)

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