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Analytical Chemistry > Electroanalytical Methods > Flashcards

Electroanalytical Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

In most electro analytical methods, it’s either a measure of _____ or _____

A

Current, potential

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2
Q

Measured in an electrochemical cell at a fixed potential

A

Current

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3
Q

Measured while the current is fixed at some constant values or zero

A

Potential

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4
Q

Electro analytical can be ____ and ____

A

Interfacial and bulk methods

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5
Q

Interfacing methods are of two types. ____ use potentiometric measurements while _____ measure other variables while the cell pitential is controlled

A

Static, dynamic

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6
Q

Potential of an electrochemical cell is measured under ____ conditions in a potentiometric analysis

A

Static

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7
Q

An electrode whose potential remains constant and against which other potentials can be measured

A

Reference electrode (anode)

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8
Q

Electrode whose potential is a function of the Concentra of analyte

A

Indicator electrode (cathode)

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9
Q

Reference electrode that consists of a Pt wire nthat is connected to a Pt surface in contact with an aqueous solution containing 1M H+ in equilibrium with H2 gas at a pressure of 1 atm

A

Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)

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10
Q

Reference electrode that consists small amount of Hg mixed with some solid HgCl2, solid KCl, and enough saturated KCl solution to moisten the mixture

A

Saturated Calomel electrode

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11
Q

Reference electrode that functions as redox electrode and the equilibrium is between Ag and AgCl

A

Ag/AgCl electrode

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12
Q

Metallic and ion-selective electrodes (membrane electrodes) are types of _____

A

Indicator electrodes

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13
Q

Types of metallic electrode where in metals including Ag, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn can serve as an indication for their own

A

Electrode of the first kind

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14
Q

Types of metallic electrode where in metal in contact with slightly soluble precipitate involving the metal cation; the electrode responds to anion concentration

A

Electrode of the second kind

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15
Q

Types of metallic electrode where in an inert electrode (Pt and Au) that serves as a source or sink for electrons for a redox half- reaction

A

Redox electrode

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16
Q

Electrode made of doped glass membrane sensitive to soecific ion. Used in pH meters.

A

Glass ion-selective electrode

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17
Q

An ion-selective electrode based on sparingly soluble inorganic crystalline material

A

Solid-state ion-selective electrode

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18
Q

An ion-selective electrode in which chelating agent is incorporated into a hydrophobic membrane

A

Liquid-based ion-selective electrode

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19
Q

An ion-selective electrode in which chelating agent is incorporated into a hydrophobic membrane

A

Liquid-based ion-selective electrode

20
Q

An ion-selective electrode that responds to the concentration of a dissolved gas

A

Gas-sensing electrode

21
Q

Measure of the response of an ion-selective electrode to other ions

A

Selectivity coefficient

22
Q

Consist of a tube within a tube, the inner one housing the pH indicator electrode and the outer one housing the reference electrode and it’s salt bridge

A

Combination pH-reference electrode

23
Q

Common reference electrode used in combination pH electrodes

A

Ag/AgCl electrode

24
Q

In a cell, when the current is present, two additional phenomena must be considered which is ____ and ____

A

IR drop, polarization

25
Q

An electrode phenomenon that may affect either or both of the electrodes in a cell.

A

Polarization

26
Q

Polarization phenomena can be divided into two categories. Which one occurs because of the finite rate of mass transfer from the solution to the electrode surface

A

Concentra polarization

27
Q

Movement of material from one location to another in three mechanisms: convection, migration, diffusion

A

Mass transfer

28
Q

Results from mechanical motion of the solution as a result of stirring, vibration, or temperature differences

A

Convection

29
Q

Movement resulting from stirring, vibration, or temperature differences

A

Convection

30
Q

Movement of ions brought about by electrostatic attraction between the ions and the electrode of the opposite charge

A

Migration

31
Q

Motion of species caused by a concentration gradient

A

Diffusion

32
Q

The higher the current the largegr the concentration gradient until the surface concentration falls to zero wherein the max possible current called ___ is obtained.

A

Limiting current

33
Q

Electro analytical method that involve measuring the quantity of electricity needed to convert the analyte quantitatively to a different oxidation state

A

Coulometry

34
Q

The end point is determined _____ in volumetric procedure, whereas in the coulometric method, the end point is determined _____.

A

Potentiometrically, electrochemically

35
Q

Uses volumetric or coulometric titration to determine trace amounts of water in a sample

A

Karl Fischer Titration

36
Q

Group of methods in which information about the analyte is obtained by measuring current as a function of applied potential under conditions where concentration polarization exists

A

Voltammetry

37
Q

Resulting plot of currenta against applied potential

A

Voltammogram

38
Q

Electrode whuch the analyte is oxidized or reduced is called ____

A

Working electrode

39
Q

Current plateau at top of voltammetric wave is called ____

A

Limiting current

40
Q

Form of voltammetry that uses dropping mercury electrode

A

Polarography

41
Q

Most efficient profile for voltammetry that applies a square wave superimposed on a staircase voltage ramp

A

Square Wave Polarography

42
Q

Form of voltammetry in which the solution is mechanically stirred

A

Hydrodynamic voltammetry

43
Q

Form of voltammetry in which a fixed potential range is employed where the voltage is scanned from a lower limit to an upper limit

A

Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV)

44
Q

Form of Voltammetry where the voltage is swept between two values at a fixed rate. But when the voltage reaches the higehr limit, the scan is reversed and the voltage is swept back to the lower limit

A

Cyclic voltammetry

45
Q

Form of voltammetry in which the analyte is first deposited on the electrode and the stripped

A

Stripped voltammetry (anodic, cathodic, and adsorptive)

Analytical Chemistry (16 decks)

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