Naturalised Annual Clovers Flashcards
Where was Glenfalloch Station?
Uppe Rakaia River Mt Arrowsmith
Where was Mt Grand Station?
Lake Hawea, Central Otago
Define Naturalied
species which has come to a place from elsewhere but has been able to maintain viable populations without human management
Describe the annual clover life cycle
germinate from seed in Autumn, grow a little over winter, grow alot in spring, flower, set seed and die.
Under what rainfall does White clover fail at?
under 800mm.
Name the 4 common species of naturalised annual clovers
cluster clover, haresfoot clover, striated clover, suckling clover
What is the scientific name for cluster clover?
trifolium glomeratum
What is the scientific name for Haresfoot clover?
trfolium arvense
What is the scientific name for striated clover?
trifolium striatum
What is the scientific name for suckling clover?
Trifolium dubium
What is the visual description of Cluster clover?
Looks like a mini white clover. globular shape
What is the visual description of Haresfoot Clover?
Condensed tannins, soft flowerhead, hair leaves
What is the visual description of striated clover?
streaks in the stipules and stems, appears like sub clover when young
What is the visual description of suckling clover?
small with distinctive yellow flowers, early flowering, grows quick and hard.
What is the average rainfall for Glenfalloch?
1665mm
What is the average rainfall for Mt Grand?
710mm
What were the differing % of perennial grasses at Glenfalloch and Mt Grand?
50% in GF and 26% Mt Grand
What was the change in % of legume species from Glenfalloch and Mt Grand?
> 30% at Mt Grand, less than 9% at GF
What was the different % of naturalised annual clovers at GF and Mt Grand?
2% GF and 30% MG
What were the differing % of Striated clover on different aspects at Mt Grand?
Moderate sun 20% Full sun 30% Shady less than 5%
What was the effect of Olsen P from less than 10 to 15-20 on Striated clover ground cover?
Less than 10 = 37.5%
10-15 = 16.8%
15-20 = 6.6%
How did the seedlings for Suckling clover increase from Year 1 to Year 2 in Low fertility
400/m2 in Year 1 to 1500/m2 in Year 2
How did the seedlings for suckling clover increase from Year 1 to Year 2 in high fertility?
300/m2 in Y1 to 600/m2 in Y2
How did the seedlings/m2 in striated clover differ in high and Low fertility levels in the second year?
1400/m2 in LF and 750/m2 in HF.
Why was there more seedlings growing in the lower fertility plots?
Lower fertility>less grass feed available to animals> overgrazing > bare ground creation.
What was the driving factor for dry matter production, seed set and recruitment of Naturalised clover?
Rainfall
What was the effect of grazing management on the annual naturalised clover?
No effect
What is the dominant annual clover species at Mt Grand Station?
Striated clover
Describe the general response of NAC’s to soil P levels
The responses are very high at Low levels of P and then plateau quickly. The species requirements are different but all are more responsive at lower rates of P.
At what pH level did the greatest yields occur ?
5.2-5.48
Why did the yield decrease as pH increased?
pH induced reduction of P, B and Cu availability to the plant
What influenced the relative grazing preferences of Merino Sheep?
Flowering Date
What species was the least preferred by grazing merino sheep and why?
Suckling Clover, Early Flowering
What species was the most preferred by grazing merino sheep and why?
Haresfoot clover. latest flowering
Why does grazing preference value drop closer to maturity/flowering?
ecological mechanism to survive. Don’t want anything to eat seed as soon as it goes reproductive so makes itself less palatable to increase the chance of seeds surviving and becoming viable so they can get spread in the dung.
