Natural selection vs Artifical selection

Question 1

Artificial Selection Examples:

Answer 1

1.) Cows producing more milk, chickens with more meat on them, corn with juicier
kernels, drought, and pest-resistant crops, broccoflower

Question 2

Selective pressure

Answer 2

• When certain environmental conditions select for certain characteristics
  in some individuals and against different characteristics in another individual
  Ex: bacteria that were resistant to antibiotic were selected for by their environment.
  They could survive the environmental condition (presence of antibiotic) therefore they
  reproduced and passed on genetic information which codes for resistance to the
  antibiotic

Question 3

Fitness

Answer 3

the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation by
producing offspring that can survive long enough to reproduce
- Often described as a number of reproductively viable offspring an organism produces
- Many viable offspring = high fitness…. No, or few, viable offspring= low fitness

Question 4

Consequences of Artificial selection: Monocultures

Answer 4

• planting of the same variety of species over a large portion of land
• If a new disease is introduced to that crop all individuals will be affected in the same
  way and the entire population could be damaged
• Sometimes when a certain trait is selected for, it comes with other negative consequences
• Ex: Bulldogs are selectively bred for their flat face but they often end up with respiratory problems and hip problems as a result of artificial selection for that one
  trait