natural selection and genetic modification Flashcards
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Bacteria that mutate to become resistant to an antibiotic,
survive and reproduce very rapidly, passing on their antibiotic resistance.
Archaea
One of the three domains. It consists of primitive bacteria existing in extreme
environments
Bacteria
One of the three domains that consists of true bacteria.
Classification
The organisation of organisms into groups based on their characteristics
and structure
Eukarya
One of the three domains that consists of all eukaryotic organisms.
Evolution
The gradual change in the inherited traits within a population over time. Occurs
due to natural selection.
Five kingdom classification system
The classification of organisms into five major
kingdoms: Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, Prokaryotae and Protoctista.
Genetically modified (GM) organism
An organism that has had its genome altered
Genetic engineering
The modification of the genome of an organism by the insertion of a
desired gene from another organism, enabling the formation of organisms with beneficial
characteristics.
Genome
The complete genetic material of an organism.
Mutation
A random change in the base sequence of DNA which may result in genetic
variants. Mutations may be beneficial, damaging, or neutral
Natural selection
The process by which the frequency of advantageous traits passed on in
genes gradually increases in a population over time.
Selective breeding
The process by which humans artificially select organisms with
desirable characteristics and breed them to produce offspring with desirable phenotypes
Three-domain system
A method of classification in which organisms are categorised into
three groups: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Developed by Carl Woese.
Three-domain system
A method of classification in which organisms are categorised into
three groups: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Developed by Carl Woese.
